Week 6 Vocabulary Flashcards
Metabolism
Conversion of nutrients to energy and energy into building additional cellular components
Catabolism
Set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units
Anabolism
Synthesis of complex molecules from building blocks
Phosphoenolpyruvate
Contains the highest energy phosphate bond in bacteria and is an intermediate of glycolysis
Coenzyme A
Contains the highest energy thioester bond in bacteria
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Energy rich bond on substrate that makes ATP directly
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Proton motive force powers ATP synthase
Proton motive force is generated by transfer of electrons
Photophosphorylation
Proton motive force powers ATP synthase
Proton motive force is generated by light energy
Oxidation
Loss of electrons
Reduction
Electron gain
Reduction Potential
How badly a molecule wants electrons
Electron Donor
A molecule that donates electrons
Electron Acceptor
A molecule that accepts electrons
NAD+
Oxidized electron carrier containing adenine and nicotinamide
FMN+
Oxidized electron carrier containing flavin ring system
Ubiquinone
Oxidized electron carrier
Coenzyme Q
Iron-sulfur Cluster
Molecular assemblies of iron and sulfur that carry electrons
Desolvation
Loss of ordered water around a molecule
Chemoorganotroph
Gets energy and electrons from organic chemicals
Chemolithotroph
Gets energy and electrons from inorganic chemicals
Phototroph
Uses light to generate energy
Heterotroph
Carbon comes from organic molecules
Autotroph
Carbon comes from inorganic molecules
Pyruvate
End product of glycolysis
Beta-oxidation
Breakdown of fatty acids into Acetyl-CoA
Monooxygenase
Enzyme that makes alcohol from hydrocarbons like octane
Fermentation
Chemical process by which molecules such as glucose are broken down anaerobically
Alcoholic Fermentation
End product of fermentation is ethanol
CO2 is a byproduct
Homolactic Fermentation
End product of fermentation is lactic acid
Heterolactic Fermentation
End product of fermentation is ethanol and lactic acid
CO2 is a byproduct
Mixed Acid Fermentation
End product of fermentation is ethanol, lactate, succinate, formate, CO2, H2
Aerobic Respiration
Use of O2 as the final electron acceptor
Anaerobic Respiration
Use of an organic molecules other than O2 as the final electron acceptor
Oxygenic Phototrophy
Uses water as an electron donor and light to generate energy
Anoxygenic Phototrophy
Uses anything other than water as an electron donor and light to generate energ
Bacteriochlorophyll
Major light capturing molecule in bacteria
Carotenoids
Accessory pigments for capturing light in bacteria
Bacteriorhodopsin
Protein which converts light energy directly into proton motive force without electron transport
