Week 2 Vocabulary

Question 1

Fouling

Answer 1

Accumulation of unwanted material on solid or liquid surfaces

Question 2

Spontaneous Generation

Answer 2

The incorrect hypothesis that living matter can develop from non-living matter

Question 3

Correlation

Answer 3

Describes the strength of an association between two or more variables

Question 4

Causation

Answer 4

The action of causing something

Question 5

Germ Theory

Answer 5

A theory that certain diseases are caused by the invasion of the body by microorganisms

Question 6

Koch’s Postulates

Answer 6

A set of criteria that a given microorganism causes a disease

Question 7

Taxonomy

Answer 7

The scientific study of naming, defining and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics

Question 8

Phylogeny

Answer 8

A part of systematics that addresses the inference of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms

Question 9

Phylogenetic Tree

Answer 9

A diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent of different species

Question 10

16S Ribosomal RNA

Answer 10

A type of RNA found in the ribosome and conserved across all bacterial species

Question 11

Ocular Lens

Answer 11

The eyepiece of the microscope

Magnifies 10x

Question 12

Stage

Answer 12

Holds the specimen in place

Question 13

Condenser

Answer 13

Gathers wavelengths from the light source and concentrate them into a cone of light

Question 14

Objective Lens

Answer 14

Magnifies an object

Question 15

Magnification

Answer 15

Enlarging the apparent size of something

Question 16

Resolution

Answer 16

The ability to distinguish two objects as distinct and separate when viewed under a microscope

Question 17

Contrast

Answer 17

The ability to resolve a cell or structure from its surroundings

Question 18

Gram stain

Answer 18

A differential staining process based on the thickness of the cell wall

Question 19

Bright Field Microscopy

Answer 19

The simplest of all microscopy illumination techniques

Sample contrast comes from the attenuation of light in the sample

Question 20

Phase Contrast Microscopy

Answer 20

Sample contrast comes from the interference of different path lengths of light through the sample

Question 21

Fluorescence Microscopy

Answer 21

Uses fluorescence to study objects

Question 22

Electron Microscopy

Answer 22

Uses electrons instead of light
Shorter wavelength than photons
Larger than protons

Question 23

Nucleoid Body

Answer 23

Genome + proteins

Question 24

Plasmids

Answer 24

Small, circular DNA
One origin of replication
Can have multiple copies per cell

Question 25

Ribosomes

Answer 25

Protein synthesis

Question 26

Cytoskeleton

Answer 26

Cell structure

Question 27

Inclusion

Answer 27

Intracellular bodies containing granules of organic or inorganic materials
Contain enzymes
Involved in the storage of nutrients

Question 28

Microcompartment

Answer 28

Cytoplasmic structure consisting of a protein coat and a hollow center which can hold molecules like proteins and dissolved gases

Question 29

Endospores

Answer 29

Produced when conditions are stressful
Dormant
Non-reproductive
Very stable

Question 30

FtsZ

Answer 30

Tubulin homolog responsible for cell division

Found in most bacteria and acrhaea

Question 31

TubZ

Answer 31

Tubulin homolog responsible for plasmid segregation and is found in the Bacillus sp.

Question 32

MamK

Answer 32

Actin homolog that is responsible for positioning magnetosomes
Found in magnetotactic bacteria

Question 33

MreB

Answer 33

Actin homolog responsible for cell shape

Found in most rod-shaped bacteria

Question 34

CreS (crescentin)

Answer 34

Intermediate filament homolog responsible for making rods curved
Found in Caulobacter crescentus

Question 35

MinD

Answer 35

Is unique to bacteria and prevents FtsZ from polymerizing at the poles
Found in most species

Question 36

Poly Beta-Hydroxybutyrate

Answer 36

A bacterial compartment that stores carbon (energy)

Question 37

Carboxysome

Answer 37

Bacterial compartment

Sequesters carbon-fixing enzymes carbonic anhydrase and RuBisCo

Question 38

Glycogen

Answer 38

Glucose storage polymer

Question 39

Gas Vesicle

Answer 39

Microcompartment
Long, narrow gas-filled structures
Buoyancy of aquatic organisms

Question 40

Magnetosome

Answer 40

Magnetic iron oxides
Allows bacteria to move along Earth’s magnetic field lines
Membrane-enclosed

Question 41

Exosporium

Answer 41

The outer surface layer of mature spores

Question 42

Vegetative cell

Answer 42

Bacterial cell that is actively growing instead of making spores