Week 5 Vocabulary Flashcards
Bacteriostatic
Compounds that inhibit bacterial growth
Bacteriocidal
Compounds that kill bacterial cells with lysing them
Bacteriolytic
Compounds that lyses bacterial cells
Sterilization
Destruction or removal of all viable organisms
Disinfection
Killing, inhibition, or removal of pathogenic organisms but not endospores
Antisepsis
Prevention of infection of living tissue by microorganisms
Chemotherapy
Chemicals which kill or inhibit internal microorganisms
Autoclave
Instrument used to sterilize items
High moist heat
Pasteurization
Low temperature treatment used to reduce pathogen numbers
Decimal Reduction Time
The time it takes to reduce cell numbers by 90%
Thymine Dimers
Result when DNA is exposed to UV radiation
Prevent replication and transcription
UV Radiation
Radiation that crosslinks DNA
Gamma Radiation
High energy radiation used to sterilize antibiotics
Breaks DNA, reactive oxygen species, membrane damage
Phenol
Benzene ring with a phenol substituent
Triclosan
Phenolic that is used to disinfect surfaces
Ethanol
Disinfectant containing two carbons
Isopropanol
Disinfectant containing three carbons
Halazone
Chlorine-containing halogen used to oxidize cell compartments
Triiodide
Halogen commonly used to disinfect skin
Formaldehyde
Simplest aldehyde used to kill bacteria
Glutaraldehyde
Chemical containing two aldehydes
Cetylpyridinium Chloride
Quanternary ammonium compound similar to benzalkonium chloride
Benzalkonium Chloride
Antimicrobial that is found in ear piercing disinfectants
Quaternary Ammonium
Nitrogen bonded to 4 functional groups
Selective Toxicity
Ability of a drug to kill or inhibit pathogen while damaging host as little as possible
Therapeutic Dose
Drug level required for clinical treatment
Toxic Dose
Drug level at which drug becomes too toxic for the patient
Therapeutic Dose
Ratio of toxic dose to therapeutic dose
Side Effects
Undesirable effects of a drug on host cells
Narrow Spectrum Drugs
Attack a few specific organisms
Broad Spectrum Drugs
Attack a wide range of organisms
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration
Lowest concentration of drug that inhibits growth of pathogen
Minimal Lethal Concentration
Lowest concentration of drug that kills pathogen
Beta-Lactam
Narrow spectrum antibacterial effective against mainly Gram-positive bacteria
Cephalosporins
Broad spectrum antibiotics that can be used when patients are allergic to penicillin
Vancomycin
Gram positive glycopeptide antibiotic
Aminoglycoside
Large group, all with a cyclohexane ring, amino sugars
Tetracycline
4 ring structure to which a variety of side chains are attached
Macrolides
Contain 12-22 carbon lactone rings linked to one or more sugars
Sulfa drugs
Metabolic drugs
Contain sulphur
Trimethoprim
Broad spectrum drug that interferes with folic acid production
Quinolone
Broad spectrum with 4-quinolone ring
Lipopeptides
Only used for Gram-positive organisms
Ergosterol
Lipid found in the fungal cell membrane
Efflux Pump
Transmembrane complex that transports antibiotics out of the cell
