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Microbiology 265 > Week 5 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Week 5 Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

Compounds that inhibit bacterial growth

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2
Q

Bacteriocidal

A

Compounds that kill bacterial cells with lysing them

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3
Q

Bacteriolytic

A

Compounds that lyses bacterial cells

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4
Q

Sterilization

A

Destruction or removal of all viable organisms

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5
Q

Disinfection

A

Killing, inhibition, or removal of pathogenic organisms but not endospores

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6
Q

Antisepsis

A

Prevention of infection of living tissue by microorganisms

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7
Q

Chemotherapy

A

Chemicals which kill or inhibit internal microorganisms

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8
Q

Autoclave

A

Instrument used to sterilize items

High moist heat

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9
Q

Pasteurization

A

Low temperature treatment used to reduce pathogen numbers

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10
Q

Decimal Reduction Time

A

The time it takes to reduce cell numbers by 90%

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11
Q

Thymine Dimers

A

Result when DNA is exposed to UV radiation

Prevent replication and transcription

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12
Q

UV Radiation

A

Radiation that crosslinks DNA

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13
Q

Gamma Radiation

A

High energy radiation used to sterilize antibiotics

Breaks DNA, reactive oxygen species, membrane damage

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14
Q

Phenol

A

Benzene ring with a phenol substituent

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15
Q

Triclosan

A

Phenolic that is used to disinfect surfaces

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16
Q

Ethanol

A

Disinfectant containing two carbons

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17
Q

Isopropanol

A

Disinfectant containing three carbons

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18
Q

Halazone

A

Chlorine-containing halogen used to oxidize cell compartments

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19
Q

Triiodide

A

Halogen commonly used to disinfect skin

20
Q

Formaldehyde

A

Simplest aldehyde used to kill bacteria

21
Q

Glutaraldehyde

A

Chemical containing two aldehydes

22
Q

Cetylpyridinium Chloride

A

Quanternary ammonium compound similar to benzalkonium chloride

23
Q

Benzalkonium Chloride

A

Antimicrobial that is found in ear piercing disinfectants

24
Q

Quaternary Ammonium

A

Nitrogen bonded to 4 functional groups

25
Q

Selective Toxicity

A

Ability of a drug to kill or inhibit pathogen while damaging host as little as possible

26
Q

Therapeutic Dose

A

Drug level required for clinical treatment

27
Q

Toxic Dose

A

Drug level at which drug becomes too toxic for the patient

28
Q

Therapeutic Dose

A

Ratio of toxic dose to therapeutic dose

29
Q

Side Effects

A

Undesirable effects of a drug on host cells

30
Q

Narrow Spectrum Drugs

A

Attack a few specific organisms

31
Q

Broad Spectrum Drugs

A

Attack a wide range of organisms

32
Q

Minimal Inhibitory Concentration

A

Lowest concentration of drug that inhibits growth of pathogen

33
Q

Minimal Lethal Concentration

A

Lowest concentration of drug that kills pathogen

34
Q

Beta-Lactam

A

Narrow spectrum antibacterial effective against mainly Gram-positive bacteria

35
Q

Cephalosporins

A

Broad spectrum antibiotics that can be used when patients are allergic to penicillin

36
Q

Vancomycin

A

Gram positive glycopeptide antibiotic

37
Q

Aminoglycoside

A

Large group, all with a cyclohexane ring, amino sugars

38
Q

Tetracycline

A

4 ring structure to which a variety of side chains are attached

39
Q

Macrolides

A

Contain 12-22 carbon lactone rings linked to one or more sugars

40
Q

Sulfa drugs

A

Metabolic drugs

Contain sulphur

41
Q

Trimethoprim

A

Broad spectrum drug that interferes with folic acid production

42
Q

Quinolone

A

Broad spectrum with 4-quinolone ring

43
Q

Lipopeptides

A

Only used for Gram-positive organisms

44
Q

Ergosterol

A

Lipid found in the fungal cell membrane

45
Q

Efflux Pump

A

Transmembrane complex that transports antibiotics out of the cell

Microbiology 265 (26 decks)

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