Week 5 Vocabulary

Question 1

Bacteriostatic

Answer 1

Compounds that inhibit bacterial growth

Question 2

Bacteriocidal

Answer 2

Compounds that kill bacterial cells with lysing them

Question 3

Bacteriolytic

Answer 3

Compounds that lyses bacterial cells

Question 4

Sterilization

Answer 4

Destruction or removal of all viable organisms

Question 5

Disinfection

Answer 5

Killing, inhibition, or removal of pathogenic organisms but not endospores

Question 6

Antisepsis

Answer 6

Prevention of infection of living tissue by microorganisms

Question 7

Chemotherapy

Answer 7

Chemicals which kill or inhibit internal microorganisms

Question 8

Autoclave

Answer 8

Instrument used to sterilize items

High moist heat

Question 9

Pasteurization

Answer 9

Low temperature treatment used to reduce pathogen numbers

Question 10

Decimal Reduction Time

Answer 10

The time it takes to reduce cell numbers by 90%

Question 11

Thymine Dimers

Answer 11

Result when DNA is exposed to UV radiation

Prevent replication and transcription

Question 12

UV Radiation

Answer 12

Radiation that crosslinks DNA

Question 13

Gamma Radiation

Answer 13

High energy radiation used to sterilize antibiotics

Breaks DNA, reactive oxygen species, membrane damage

Question 14

Phenol

Answer 14

Benzene ring with a phenol substituent

Question 15

Triclosan

Answer 15

Phenolic that is used to disinfect surfaces

Question 16

Ethanol

Answer 16

Disinfectant containing two carbons

Question 17

Isopropanol

Answer 17

Disinfectant containing three carbons

Question 18

Halazone

Answer 18

Chlorine-containing halogen used to oxidize cell compartments

Question 19

Triiodide

Answer 19

Halogen commonly used to disinfect skin

Question 20

Formaldehyde

Answer 20

Simplest aldehyde used to kill bacteria

Question 21

Glutaraldehyde

Answer 21

Chemical containing two aldehydes

Question 22

Cetylpyridinium Chloride

Answer 22

Quanternary ammonium compound similar to benzalkonium chloride

Question 23

Benzalkonium Chloride

Answer 23

Antimicrobial that is found in ear piercing disinfectants

Question 24

Quaternary Ammonium

Answer 24

Nitrogen bonded to 4 functional groups

Question 25

Selective Toxicity

Answer 25

Ability of a drug to kill or inhibit pathogen while damaging host as little as possible

Question 26

Therapeutic Dose

Answer 26

Drug level required for clinical treatment

Question 27

Toxic Dose

Answer 27

Drug level at which drug becomes too toxic for the patient

Question 28

Therapeutic Dose

Answer 28

Ratio of toxic dose to therapeutic dose

Question 29

Side Effects

Answer 29

Undesirable effects of a drug on host cells

Question 30

Narrow Spectrum Drugs

Answer 30

Attack a few specific organisms

Question 31

Broad Spectrum Drugs

Answer 31

Attack a wide range of organisms

Question 32

Minimal Inhibitory Concentration

Answer 32

Lowest concentration of drug that inhibits growth of pathogen

Question 33

Minimal Lethal Concentration

Answer 33

Lowest concentration of drug that kills pathogen

Question 34

Beta-Lactam

Answer 34

Narrow spectrum antibacterial effective against mainly Gram-positive bacteria

Question 35

Cephalosporins

Answer 35

Broad spectrum antibiotics that can be used when patients are allergic to penicillin

Question 36

Vancomycin

Answer 36

Gram positive glycopeptide antibiotic

Question 37

Aminoglycoside

Answer 37

Large group, all with a cyclohexane ring, amino sugars

Question 38

Tetracycline

Answer 38

4 ring structure to which a variety of side chains are attached

Question 39

Macrolides

Answer 39

Contain 12-22 carbon lactone rings linked to one or more sugars

Question 40

Sulfa drugs

Answer 40

Metabolic drugs | Contain sulphur

Question 41

Trimethoprim

Answer 41

Broad spectrum drug that interferes with folic acid production

Question 42

Quinolone

Answer 42

Broad spectrum with 4-quinolone ring

Question 43

Lipopeptides

Answer 43

Only used for Gram-positive organisms

Question 44

Ergosterol

Answer 44

Lipid found in the fungal cell membrane

Question 45

Efflux Pump

Answer 45

Transmembrane complex that transports antibiotics out of the cell