Week 3 Vocabulary Flashcards
Phosphatidylethanolamine
The most common lipid in E.coli
Integral Membrane Protein
Protein that spans the whole membrane
Peripheral Membrane Protein
Protein that associates with just one leaflet of the membrane
Hypertonic
High water concentration in cell that leaves and causes the cell to shrink
Isotonic
A solution with equal water concentration inside and outside of the cell
Hypotonic
Low water concentration in the cell so water rushes in and causes the cell to swell
Facilitated Diffusion
Passive movement of molecules along a concentration gradient that requires a protein carrier
Uniport
Transmembrane protein that transports one molecule at a time across a membrane along a concentration gradient
Symport
Integral membrane protein that uses a proton motive force to transport a molecule against its concentration gradient from outside the cell to inside the cell
Antiport
Integral membrane protein that uses a proton motive force to transport a molecule against its concentration gradient from inside the cell to outside the cell
Proton Motive Force
Differential concentration of positively and negatively charged ions across a membrane which provides some energy to transporters
ABC Transporter
Protein complex that transports molecules across a membrane against its concentration gradient using ATP as an energy source
Peptidoglycan
Major structural polymer in the cell wall of most bacteria
N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine
Covalently bonded together in peptidoglycan
Interbridge
Only in Gram positive bacteria
Serves to connect one tetrapeptide to another
Lysozyme
Functions as an antimicrobial agent by cleaving the peptidoglycan component of bacterial cell walls, which leads to cell death.
Diaminopimelic Acid
Lysine analog that also contains a carboxyl group on the side group
Ornithine
Amino that is one carbon shorter than lysine
Teichoic Acid
Polymer of sugar alcohols and phosphate found in Gram positive bacteria; attached to peptidoglycan
Lipoteichoic Acid
Polymer of sugar alcohols and phosphate found in Gram positive bacteria; attached to the cytoplasmic membrane
Sugar Alcohol
Reduced sugar
Lipopolysaccharide
Gram negative glycolipid which makes up the predominant portion of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane
Lipid A
Most conserved potion of the LPS; anchors LPS to membrane
Core Oligosaccharide
Connection between lipid A and the O-antigen
O-antigen
Stain specific glycan attached to the lipid A core
Endotoxin
Another word for LPS
Porin
Beta barrel proteins found in the outer membrane that facilitate passive transport
S-layer
Crystalline layer of glycoprotein found on the surface of some bacteria and most archaea
Capsule
Extracellular polysaccharide frequently anchored in the membrane that protects many bacteria from host defences
Alginate
Extracellular polysaccharides discovered in Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is used in food preparation
Cellulose
An extracellular polysaccharide that is made by some bacteria which is also found in paper products
Secretion Systems
Bacterial secretion systems are protein complexes present on the cell membranes of bacteria for secretion of substances
Pili
Thin, cellular appendages involved in attachment, transfer of material between cells, and motility
Fimbrae
Short peritrichous pili that mediate attachment to surfaces
Type IV Pilus
Structure that is responsible for twitching motility
Twitching Motility
Jerky movement across a solid surface
Gliding Motility
Smooth movement across a solid surface that is mediated by focal adhesion type structures
Swarming
Fast, coordinated movement of a bacteria across a semi-solid surface
Swimming
Motility in liquid media powered by flagella
Peritrichous Flagella
Flagella that originate from all around the cell
Lophotrichous Flagella
Multiple flagella originating at the pole of the cell
Polar Flagella
Single flagella found at the end of a bacteria cell
Basal Body
Part of the flagella that is anchored in the plasma membrane, cell wall, and cell envelope
Hook
Connection between the basal body and filament
Filament
Hollow structure made of flagellin protein
Rotor
Part of the flagella that spins
Stator
Part of the flagella that is stationary
Run
When swimming, forward movement of bacteria in a linear fashion
Tumble
The random reorientation of bacteria with a peritrichous flagella
Chemotaxis
The movement of bacteria in a chemical gradient
Aerotaxis
The movement of bacteria in an oxygen gradient
Phototaxis
The movement of bacteria in a light gradient
Magentotaxis
The movement of bacteria in a magnetic field
