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Microbiology 265 > Week 3 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Week 3 Vocabulary Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Phosphatidylethanolamine

A

The most common lipid in E.coli

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2
Q

Integral Membrane Protein

A

Protein that spans the whole membrane

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3
Q

Peripheral Membrane Protein

A

Protein that associates with just one leaflet of the membrane

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4
Q

Hypertonic

A

High water concentration in cell that leaves and causes the cell to shrink

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5
Q

Isotonic

A

A solution with equal water concentration inside and outside of the cell

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6
Q

Hypotonic

A

Low water concentration in the cell so water rushes in and causes the cell to swell

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7
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Passive movement of molecules along a concentration gradient that requires a protein carrier

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8
Q

Uniport

A

Transmembrane protein that transports one molecule at a time across a membrane along a concentration gradient

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9
Q

Symport

A

Integral membrane protein that uses a proton motive force to transport a molecule against its concentration gradient from outside the cell to inside the cell

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10
Q

Antiport

A

Integral membrane protein that uses a proton motive force to transport a molecule against its concentration gradient from inside the cell to outside the cell

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11
Q

Proton Motive Force

A

Differential concentration of positively and negatively charged ions across a membrane which provides some energy to transporters

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12
Q

ABC Transporter

A

Protein complex that transports molecules across a membrane against its concentration gradient using ATP as an energy source

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13
Q

Peptidoglycan

A

Major structural polymer in the cell wall of most bacteria

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14
Q

N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine

A

Covalently bonded together in peptidoglycan

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15
Q

Interbridge

A

Only in Gram positive bacteria

Serves to connect one tetrapeptide to another

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16
Q

Lysozyme

A

Functions as an antimicrobial agent by cleaving the peptidoglycan component of bacterial cell walls, which leads to cell death.

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17
Q

Diaminopimelic Acid

A

Lysine analog that also contains a carboxyl group on the side group

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18
Q

Ornithine

A

Amino that is one carbon shorter than lysine

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19
Q

Teichoic Acid

A

Polymer of sugar alcohols and phosphate found in Gram positive bacteria; attached to peptidoglycan

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20
Q

Lipoteichoic Acid

A

Polymer of sugar alcohols and phosphate found in Gram positive bacteria; attached to the cytoplasmic membrane

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21
Q

Sugar Alcohol

A

Reduced sugar

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22
Q

Lipopolysaccharide

A

Gram negative glycolipid which makes up the predominant portion of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane

23
Q

Lipid A

A

Most conserved potion of the LPS; anchors LPS to membrane

24
Q

Core Oligosaccharide

A

Connection between lipid A and the O-antigen

25
Q

O-antigen

A

Stain specific glycan attached to the lipid A core

26
Q

Endotoxin

A

Another word for LPS

27
Q

Porin

A

Beta barrel proteins found in the outer membrane that facilitate passive transport

28
Q

S-layer

A

Crystalline layer of glycoprotein found on the surface of some bacteria and most archaea

29
Q

Capsule

A

Extracellular polysaccharide frequently anchored in the membrane that protects many bacteria from host defences

30
Q

Alginate

A

Extracellular polysaccharides discovered in Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is used in food preparation

31
Q

Cellulose

A

An extracellular polysaccharide that is made by some bacteria which is also found in paper products

32
Q

Secretion Systems

A

Bacterial secretion systems are protein complexes present on the cell membranes of bacteria for secretion of substances

33
Q

Pili

A

Thin, cellular appendages involved in attachment, transfer of material between cells, and motility

34
Q

Fimbrae

A

Short peritrichous pili that mediate attachment to surfaces

35
Q

Type IV Pilus

A

Structure that is responsible for twitching motility

36
Q

Twitching Motility

A

Jerky movement across a solid surface

37
Q

Gliding Motility

A

Smooth movement across a solid surface that is mediated by focal adhesion type structures

38
Q

Swarming

A

Fast, coordinated movement of a bacteria across a semi-solid surface

39
Q

Swimming

A

Motility in liquid media powered by flagella

40
Q

Peritrichous Flagella

A

Flagella that originate from all around the cell

41
Q

Lophotrichous Flagella

A

Multiple flagella originating at the pole of the cell

42
Q

Polar Flagella

A

Single flagella found at the end of a bacteria cell

43
Q

Basal Body

A

Part of the flagella that is anchored in the plasma membrane, cell wall, and cell envelope

44
Q

Hook

A

Connection between the basal body and filament

45
Q

Filament

A

Hollow structure made of flagellin protein

46
Q

Rotor

A

Part of the flagella that spins

47
Q

Stator

A

Part of the flagella that is stationary

48
Q

Run

A

When swimming, forward movement of bacteria in a linear fashion

49
Q

Tumble

A

The random reorientation of bacteria with a peritrichous flagella

50
Q

Chemotaxis

A

The movement of bacteria in a chemical gradient

51
Q

Aerotaxis

A

The movement of bacteria in an oxygen gradient

52
Q

Phototaxis

A

The movement of bacteria in a light gradient

53
Q

Magentotaxis

A

The movement of bacteria in a magnetic field

Microbiology 265 (26 decks)

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