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Microbiology 265 > Week 4 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Week 4 Vocabulary Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Phytanyl

A

The lipid comprising the archaeal lipid bilayer

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2
Q

Biphytanyl

A

One of the lipids comprising the archaeal lipid bilayer; formed from 2 phytanyl molecules

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3
Q

Crenarchaeol

A

One of the lipids comprising the archaeal lipid bilayer; contains cyclic, steroid-like functional groups

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4
Q

Pseudomurine

A

Archeal molecule equivalent to peptidoglycan

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5
Q

N-acetylasosaminuronic acid

A

One of the acidic sugars found in pseudomurine

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6
Q

Methanochondroitin

A

Extracellular glycan found specifically in the methanotropic archaea

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7
Q

Sheath

A

Extra protein layer (in addition to the S-layer) found in some archaea

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8
Q

Archalleum

A

Structure that is responsible for swimming motility in archaea

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9
Q

Hami

A

Peritritchous appendages comprised of spikes and hooks

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10
Q

Lag phase

A

Part of the growth curve where cells are actively synthesizing new components but not increasing in cell numbers

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11
Q

Exponential Phase

A

Part of the growth curve where cells are doubling consistently

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12
Q

Stationary Phase

A

Part of the growth curve where cell growth and cell death are balanced

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13
Q

Death Phase

A

Part of the cell cycle where cells are dying

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14
Q

Generation Time

A

Time it takes a population to double

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15
Q

Biofilm

A

Growth of organisms in a matrix consisting of polysaccharides, extracellular DNA, and proteins

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16
Q

Asexual Reproduction

A

New cells from one set of chromosomes yield daughter cells that are genetic clones of the parent cell

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17
Q

Binary Fission

A

The mechanism that most bacteria use to divide

Their components replicate then they divide in the middle

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18
Q

Budding

A

Asymmetrical growth of cell on one side

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19
Q

Fragmentation

A

Production of new organisms from a parent breaking in two

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20
Q

Sexual Reproduction

A

Combination of genetic material from two organisms yield new organism

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21
Q

Psuedosexual Reproduction

A

DNA that does not come from a parent cell

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22
Q

Conjugation

A

Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via a pilus

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23
Q

Transformation

A

Taking up DNA from the environment

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24
Q

Transduction

A

Introduction of new DNA via a virus

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25
Q

Septum

A

During cell division, the part of new peptidoglycan that divides the cell in two

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26
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Replication of cellular components followed by cell division

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27
Q

N-acetylglucosamine

A

Non-acidic amino sugar found in peptidoglycan

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28
Q

N-acetylmuramic acid

A

Acidic amino sugar found in peptidoglycan

29
Q

Translocation

A

Transfer of bactoprenyl-linked peptidoglycan across the plasma membrane

30
Q

Transglycosylation

A

Addition of peptidoglycan subunits to the periplasmic peptidoglycan molecule

31
Q

Transpeptidation

A

Cross linking of amino acid chains in peptidoglycan

32
Q

Bactoprenyl Phosphate

A

Carrier molecule for peptidoglycan synthesis and transport

33
Q

Pyrophosphate

A

Two phosphates

34
Q

Macronutrient

A

Nutrient required in large quantities

35
Q

Micronutrient

A

Nutrient required in small quantities

36
Q

Vitamin

A

On organic molecule that is an essential micronutrient

37
Q

Siderophore

A

Molecule bacteria need to obtain iron

38
Q

Niacin

A

B vitamin necessary to make NAD+

39
Q

Riboflavin

A

Vitamin needed to make FMN and FAD

40
Q

Pantothenic Acid

A

Vitamin needed to make coenzyme A

41
Q

Psychrophile

A

Bacteria with growth temperature optimum of about 5 degrees Celsius

42
Q

Mesophile

A

Bacteria with growth temperature optimum of about 37 degrees Celsius

43
Q

Thermophile

A

Bacteria with growth temperature optimum of about 60 degrees Celsius

44
Q

Hyperthermophile

A

Bacteria with growth temperature optimum of over 80 degrees Celsius

45
Q

Osmolarity

A

Total concentration of solute

46
Q

Tonicity

A

Total concentration of permeable solute

47
Q

Osmotolerant

A

Organism that grows well in high concentrations of solute

48
Q

Halotolerant

A

Organism that grows okay in higher concentrations of salt

49
Q

Halophile

A

Organisms that need high salt concentrations to grow

50
Q

Glycine Betaine

A

Molecules used by halophiles to equalize solute concentration inside the cell

51
Q

Neutrophile

A

Organisms that grow at neutral pH

52
Q

Acidophile

A

Organisms that grow at a low pH

53
Q

Alkaliphile

A

Organisms that grow at a high pH

54
Q

Obligate Aerobe

A

Organisms that require oxygen to grow

55
Q

Facultative Aerobe

A

Organisms that grow better in the presence of oxygen

56
Q

Microaerophile

A

Organisms that grow in concentrations of oxygen just under 1 atm

57
Q

Aerotolerant

A

Organisms that are unaffected by oxygen concentration

58
Q

Obligate Anaerobe

A

Organisms that are killed by oxygen

59
Q

Superoxide

A

O2-

60
Q

Catalase

A

Enzyme that breaks H2O2 into O2

61
Q

Superoxide Dismutase

A

Enzyme that detoxifies superoxides

62
Q

Barotolerant

A

Organisms that grow okay in increased pressure

63
Q

Barophilic

A

Organisms that require increased pressure to grow

64
Q

Optical density

A

he degree to which a refractive medium hinders transmitted rays of light.

65
Q

Defined Medium

A

a relatively simple medium that is made up of specific chemicals at known concentrations

66
Q

Complex Medium

A

A media where the exact chemical composition of the media is not known

67
Q

Selective Medium

A

Selective media selects for the growth of some organisms by promoting their growth and/or inhibiting the growth of other organisms

68
Q

Differential Medium

A

Differentiates between organisms growing on one plate

Microbiology 265 (26 decks)

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