Week 1 Vocabulary

Question 1

Viroid

Answer 1

Smallest infectious particle

Short, circular DNA

Question 2

Virus

Answer 2

Protein-rich molecules with RNA/DNA and a lipid coating

Acellular

Question 3

Prion

Answer 3

Protein that is infectious

Question 4

Prokaryote

Answer 4

No membrane around the DNA

Question 5

Eukaryote

Answer 5

Have DNA within a membrane

Question 6

Archaea

Answer 6

Similar in size and shape to bacteria

Transcription/translation/metabolism more similar to eukaryotes

Question 7

Bacteria

Answer 7

The original prokaryote

Most have a peptidoglycan cell wall and a nucleoid

Question 8

Fungi

Answer 8

Yeasts, moulds, mushrooms

Incredibly diverse

Question 9

Algae

Answer 9

Photosynthetic aquatic organisms

Question 10

Protozoa

Answer 10

Free-living or parasitic eukaryotic microorganisms that feed on organic matter

Question 11

Photosynthetic Organism

Answer 11

Use light to make energy

Question 12

Ribosome

Answer 12

Used for protein synthesis

Question 13

Nucleus

Answer 13

A membrane-enclosed organelle that contains the cell’s DNA

Question 14

Nucleoid

Answer 14

An aggregated mass of DNA that makes up the chromosomes of prokaryotic cells

Question 15

Cytoplasm

Answer 15

The fluid portion of a cell

Question 16

Cytoplasmic Membrane

Answer 16

A semi-permeable membrane that separates the interior of the cell from its external environment

Question 17

Cell Wall

Answer 17

Rigid later outside of the cytoplasmic membrane

The structural strength of a cell

Question 18

Mitochondrion

Answer 18

Generates energy for the cell

Question 19

Nuclear Membrane

Answer 19

The double membrane that encloses the nucleus

Question 20

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 20

Produces proteins

Question 21

Golgi Complex

Answer 21

Packages and sends molecules off to their destinations

Question 22

Evolution

Answer 22

Chance mutations that cause new cells to have new properties

Question 23

Horizontal Gene Transfer

Answer 23

Cells exchanging genes

Question 24

Motility

Answer 24

Self-propulsion

Question 25

Catabolism

Answer 25

Transforming molecules to produce energy and building blocks

Question 26

Anabolism

Answer 26

Synthesizing macromolecules

Question 27

Coccus

Answer 27

Spherical bacteria

Question 28

Rod

Answer 28

Bacteria that look like rods

Question 29

Spirillum

Answer 29

Spiral-shaped bacteria

Question 30

Spirochete

Answer 30

Helical-shaped bacteria

Question 31

Stalk

Answer 31

Bacteria that has a stalk sticking out of it

Question 32

Filamentous

Answer 32

Bacteria that look like filaments

Question 33

Unicellular

Answer 33

Performs all of the life functions for itself

Question 34

Multicellular

Answer 34

Has cells that depend on other cells for survival

Question 35

LUCA

Answer 35

The last common ancestor between bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

Question 36

Ribozyme

Answer 36

An RNA enzyme that catalyzes chemical reactions

Question 37

Organelle

Answer 37

Cell organ

Question 38

Liposome

Answer 38

RNA found inside of liposomes may have been prehistoric cells

Question 39

Endosymbiotic Theory

Answer 39

Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as endosymbionts