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ABA622 > Week 6-Verbal > Flashcards

Week 6-Verbal Flashcards

1
Q

Stimulus Generalization

A

Occurs when stimuli that share similar physical characteristics with the controlling stimulus evoke the same behavior as the controlling stimulus

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2
Q

Occurs when stimuli that share similar physical characteristics with the controlling stimulus evoke the same behavior as the controlling stimulus

A

Stimulus Generalization

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3
Q

Response Generalization

A

Extent to which a learner emits untrained responses that are functionally equivalent to the trained target behavior

e.g. child learns to say “hello” as a greeting and then learn to say “hi” as another form of greeting

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4
Q

Extent to which a learner emits untrained responses that are functionally equivalent to the trained target behavior

A

Response Generalization

e.g. child learns to say “hello” as a greeting and then learn to say “hi” as another form of greeting

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5
Q

Response Maintenance

A

The extent to which a learner continues to perform a target behavior after a portion or all of the intervention responsible for the behavior’s initial appearance in learner’s repertoire has been terminated

e.g. student uses token economy to learn to raise hand to get teachers attention. Token economy is removed, student still raises hand to get teacher attention.

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6
Q

The extent to which a learner continues to perform a target behavior after a portion or all of the intervention responsible for the behavior’s initial appearance in learner’s repertoire has been terminated

A

Response Maintenance

e.g. student uses token economy to learn to raise hand to get teachers attention. Token economy is removed, student still raises hand to get teacher attention.

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7
Q

Stimulus Discrimination

A

Occurs when new stimuli–similar or not similar–to the controlling stimulus, do not evoke the same response as the controlling stimulus

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8
Q

Occurs when new stimuli–similar or not similar–to the controlling stimulus, do not evoke the same response as the controlling stimulus

A

Stimulus Discrimination

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9
Q

Between stimulus control (discrimination) and stimulus generalization, it’s a ________

A

continuum

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10
Q

Stimulus discrimination training

A

Requires one behavior

Two antecedent stimulus conditions (the SD (reinforced) and the S-delta (not reinforced))

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11
Q

Verbal behavior is the_____ and ______ of behavior

A

form, function

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12
Q

The formal properties of language involve the _______ (form, structure) of the verbal response.

A

topography

Formal Descriptions

1) phonemes
2) morphemes
3) lexicon
4) syntax
5) grammar
6) semantics

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13
Q

Theories of Language

Can be classified into three categories

A

1) Biological
2) Cognitive
3) Environmental

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14
Q

1) Biological

A

Language is a function of physiological processes and functions

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15
Q

Language is a function of physiological processes and functions

A

1) Biological

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16
Q

2) Cognitive

A

Language in controlled by internal processing systems that accept, classify, code, encode, and store verbal information

Spoken and written language are considered to be the structure of thought

17
Q

Language in controlled by internal processing systems that accept, classify, code, encode, and store verbal information

Spoken and written language are considered to be the structure of thought

A

2) Cognitive

18
Q

3) Environmental

A

Language is learned behavior that is acquired, extended, and maintained by the same types of environmental variables as non language behavior.

  • 2 concepts: imitation and practice
19
Q

Language is learned behavior that is acquired, extended, and maintained by the same types of environmental variables as non language behavior.

  • 2 concepts: imitation and practice
A

3) Environmental

20
Q

Verbal Behavior

A

behavior that is reinforced through the mediation of another person’s behavior

21
Q

behavior that is reinforced through the mediation of another person’s behavior

A

Verbal Behavior

22
Q

Verbal behavior involves a social interaction between _______ and_______.

A

speakers, listeners

23
Q

Defining Verbal Behavior

Technical Term

A

In the field of pathology verbal behavior has become synonymous with vocal behavior

In psychology nonverbal communication was contrasted with the term verbal behavior, implying that verbal behavior was vocal communication and nonverbal behavior was non-vocal communication

24
Q

This is the functional relation between a type of responding and the same independent variables that control nonverbal behavior, namely (called verbal operant):

A
  1. Motivating variables
  2. Discriminative stimuli
  3. Consequences
25
Q

The Elementary Verbal Operants

Six different types:

A
  1. Mand
  2. Tact
  3. Echoic
  4. Intraverbal
  5. Textual
  6. Transcription
26
Q

Mand

A

Type of verbal operant in which a speaker asks for (or states, demand, implies, etc.) what he needs or wants.

The form of the response is under the functional control of MOs and specific reinforcement

The first verbal operants acquired by a child
This allows a speaker to ask questions

27
Q

Type of verbal operant in which a speaker asks for (or states, demand, implies, etc.) what he needs or wants.

The form of the response is under the functional control of MOs and specific reinforcement

The first verbal operants acquired by a child
This allows a speaker to ask questions

A

Mand

28
Q

Tact

A

Type of verbal operant in which a speaker names things and actions that the speaker has direct contact with through any of the sense modes

Tact is a verbal operant under the functional control of nonverbal discriminative stimulus, and it produces generalized conditioned reinforcement

Permits verbal behavior about an object or event that is actually present

29
Q

Type of verbal operant in which a speaker names things and actions that the speaker has direct contact with through any of the sense modes

Tact is a verbal operant under the functional control of nonverbal discriminative stimulus, and it produces generalized conditioned reinforcement

Permits verbal behavior about an object or event that is actually present

A

Tact

30
Q

Echoic

A

Type of verbal operant that occurs when a speaker repeats the verbal behavior of another speaker

Repeating words, phrases, and vocal behavior of others
Controlled by a verbal SD that has point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity with the response

Copying a text is a type of verbal behavior in which written verbal stimulus has point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity with a written verbal response

Relates to sign language

31
Q

Type of verbal operant that occurs when a speaker repeats the verbal behavior of another speaker

Repeating words, phrases, and vocal behavior of others
Controlled by a verbal SD that has point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity with the response

Copying a text is a type of verbal behavior in which written verbal stimulus has point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity with a written verbal response

Relates to sign language

A

Echoic

32
Q

Intraverbal

A

A type of verbal operant in which a speaker differentially responds to the verbal behavior of others.

e.g. saying “Sacramento” when asked “What is the capital of california?”

This produces a generalized conditioned reinforcer

Allows a speaker to answer questions and to talk about (and think about) objects and events that are not physically present.

33
Q

A type of verbal operant in which a speaker differentially responds to the verbal behavior of others.

e.g. saying “Sacramento” when asked “What is the capital of california?”

This produces a generalized conditioned reinforcer

Allows a speaker to answer questions and to talk about (and think about) objects and events that are not physically present.

A

Intraverbal

34
Q

Textual

A

Reading, without any implications that the reader understand what is being read

It has point-to-point correspondence but not formal similarity, between the stimulus and the response product

35
Q

Reading, without any implications that the reader understand what is being read

It has point-to-point correspondence but not formal similarity, between the stimulus and the response product

A

Textual

36
Q

Transcription

A

Consists of writing and spelling words that are spoken.

Taking dictation

A type of verbal behavior in which a spoken verbal stimulus controls a written, typed, or finger-spelled response.

Point-to-point correspondence but no formal similarity.

37
Q

Consists of writing and spelling words that are spoken.

Taking dictation

A type of verbal behavior in which a spoken verbal stimulus controls a written, typed, or finger-spelled response.

Point-to-point correspondence but no formal similarity.

A

Transcription

38
Q

The Role of the Listener

A

They are the mediator of reinforcement for the speaker’s behavior and also an SD for the speaker’s behavior

  • In functioning as an SD, listener = audience for verbal behavior
  • Audience = SD where verbal behavior is reinforced.
39
Q

Identifying Verbal Operant

A
  1. Does an MO control the response form? Yes, then it is at least part mand
  2. Does an SD control the response form? If yes, then:
  3. Is the SD noverbal? If yes, then the operant is at least part tact.
  4. Is the SD verbal? If yes, then:
  5. Is there point-to-point correspondence between the verbal SD and the response?
    - If no, then the operant is at least part intraverbal.
    - If yes, then:
  6. Is there formal similarity between the verbal SD and the response.
    - If yes, then the operant must be echoic, imitative, or copying text
    - If no, then the operand must be textural or transcription

ABA622 (9 decks)

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