Week 6-Verbal

Question 1

Stimulus Generalization

Answer 1

Occurs when stimuli that share similar physical characteristics with the controlling stimulus evoke the same behavior as the controlling stimulus

Question 2

Occurs when stimuli that share similar physical characteristics with the controlling stimulus evoke the same behavior as the controlling stimulus

Answer 2

Stimulus Generalization

Question 3

Response Generalization

Answer 3

Extent to which a learner emits untrained responses that are functionally equivalent to the trained target behavior

e.g. child learns to say “hello” as a greeting and then learn to say “hi” as another form of greeting

Question 4

Extent to which a learner emits untrained responses that are functionally equivalent to the trained target behavior

Answer 4

Response Generalization

e.g. child learns to say “hello” as a greeting and then learn to say “hi” as another form of greeting

Question 5

Response Maintenance

Answer 5

The extent to which a learner continues to perform a target behavior after a portion or all of the intervention responsible for the behavior’s initial appearance in learner’s repertoire has been terminated

e.g. student uses token economy to learn to raise hand to get teachers attention. Token economy is removed, student still raises hand to get teacher attention.

Question 6

The extent to which a learner continues to perform a target behavior after a portion or all of the intervention responsible for the behavior’s initial appearance in learner’s repertoire has been terminated

Answer 6

Response Maintenance

e.g. student uses token economy to learn to raise hand to get teachers attention. Token economy is removed, student still raises hand to get teacher attention.

Question 7

Stimulus Discrimination

Answer 7

Occurs when new stimuli–similar or not similar–to the controlling stimulus, do not evoke the same response as the controlling stimulus

Question 8

Occurs when new stimuli–similar or not similar–to the controlling stimulus, do not evoke the same response as the controlling stimulus

Answer 8

Stimulus Discrimination

Question 9

Between stimulus control (discrimination) and stimulus generalization, it’s a ________

Answer 9

continuum

Question 10

Stimulus discrimination training

Answer 10

Requires one behavior

Two antecedent stimulus conditions (the SD (reinforced) and the S-delta (not reinforced))

Question 11

Verbal behavior is the_____ and ______ of behavior

Answer 11

form, function

Question 12

The formal properties of language involve the _______ (form, structure) of the verbal response.

Answer 12

topography

Formal Descriptions

1) phonemes
2) morphemes
3) lexicon
4) syntax
5) grammar
6) semantics

Question 13

Theories of Language

Can be classified into three categories

Answer 13

1) Biological
2) Cognitive
3) Environmental

Question 14

1) Biological

Answer 14

Language is a function of physiological processes and functions

Question 15

Language is a function of physiological processes and functions

Answer 15

1) Biological

Question 16

2) Cognitive

Answer 16

Language in controlled by internal processing systems that accept, classify, code, encode, and store verbal information

Spoken and written language are considered to be the structure of thought

Question 17

Language in controlled by internal processing systems that accept, classify, code, encode, and store verbal information

Spoken and written language are considered to be the structure of thought

Answer 17

2) Cognitive

Question 18

3) Environmental

Answer 18

Language is learned behavior that is acquired, extended, and maintained by the same types of environmental variables as non language behavior.

• 2 concepts: imitation and practice

Question 19

Language is learned behavior that is acquired, extended, and maintained by the same types of environmental variables as non language behavior.

• 2 concepts: imitation and practice

Answer 19

3) Environmental

Question 20

Verbal Behavior

Answer 20

behavior that is reinforced through the mediation of another person’s behavior

Question 21

behavior that is reinforced through the mediation of another person’s behavior

Answer 21

Verbal Behavior

Question 22

Verbal behavior involves a social interaction between _______ and_______.

Answer 22

speakers, listeners

Question 23

Defining Verbal Behavior

Technical Term

Answer 23

In the field of pathology verbal behavior has become synonymous with vocal behavior

In psychology nonverbal communication was contrasted with the term verbal behavior, implying that verbal behavior was vocal communication and nonverbal behavior was non-vocal communication

Question 24

This is the functional relation between a type of responding and the same independent variables that control nonverbal behavior, namely (called verbal operant):

Answer 24

1. Motivating variables
2. Discriminative stimuli
3. Consequences

Question 25

The Elementary Verbal Operants | Six different types:

Answer 25

1. Mand 2. Tact 3. Echoic 4. Intraverbal 5. Textual 6. Transcription

Question 26

Mand

Answer 26

Type of verbal operant in which a speaker asks for (or states, demand, implies, etc.) what he needs or wants. The form of the response is under the functional control of MOs and specific reinforcement The first verbal operants acquired by a child This allows a speaker to ask questions

Question 27

Type of verbal operant in which a speaker asks for (or states, demand, implies, etc.) what he needs or wants. The form of the response is under the functional control of MOs and specific reinforcement The first verbal operants acquired by a child This allows a speaker to ask questions

Answer 27

Mand

Question 28

Tact

Answer 28

Type of verbal operant in which a speaker names things and actions that the speaker has direct contact with through any of the sense modes Tact is a verbal operant under the functional control of nonverbal discriminative stimulus, and it produces generalized conditioned reinforcement Permits verbal behavior about an object or event that is actually present

Question 29

Type of verbal operant in which a speaker names things and actions that the speaker has direct contact with through any of the sense modes Tact is a verbal operant under the functional control of nonverbal discriminative stimulus, and it produces generalized conditioned reinforcement Permits verbal behavior about an object or event that is actually present

Answer 29

Tact

Question 30

Echoic

Answer 30

Type of verbal operant that occurs when a speaker repeats the verbal behavior of another speaker Repeating words, phrases, and vocal behavior of others Controlled by a verbal SD that has point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity with the response Copying a text is a type of verbal behavior in which written verbal stimulus has point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity with a written verbal response Relates to sign language

Question 31

Type of verbal operant that occurs when a speaker repeats the verbal behavior of another speaker Repeating words, phrases, and vocal behavior of others Controlled by a verbal SD that has point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity with the response Copying a text is a type of verbal behavior in which written verbal stimulus has point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity with a written verbal response Relates to sign language

Answer 31

Echoic

Question 32

Intraverbal

Answer 32

A type of verbal operant in which a speaker differentially responds to the verbal behavior of others. e.g. saying “Sacramento” when asked “What is the capital of california?” This produces a generalized conditioned reinforcer Allows a speaker to answer questions and to talk about (and think about) objects and events that are not physically present.

Question 33

A type of verbal operant in which a speaker differentially responds to the verbal behavior of others. e.g. saying “Sacramento” when asked “What is the capital of california?” This produces a generalized conditioned reinforcer Allows a speaker to answer questions and to talk about (and think about) objects and events that are not physically present.

Answer 33

Intraverbal

Question 34

Textual

Answer 34

Reading, without any implications that the reader understand what is being read It has point-to-point correspondence but not formal similarity, between the stimulus and the response product

Question 35

Reading, without any implications that the reader understand what is being read It has point-to-point correspondence but not formal similarity, between the stimulus and the response product

Answer 35

Textual

Question 36

Transcription

Answer 36

Consists of writing and spelling words that are spoken. Taking dictation A type of verbal behavior in which a spoken verbal stimulus controls a written, typed, or finger-spelled response. Point-to-point correspondence but no formal similarity.

Question 37

Consists of writing and spelling words that are spoken. Taking dictation A type of verbal behavior in which a spoken verbal stimulus controls a written, typed, or finger-spelled response. Point-to-point correspondence but no formal similarity.

Answer 37

Transcription

Question 38

The Role of the Listener

Answer 38

They are the mediator of reinforcement for the speaker’s behavior and also an SD for the speaker’s behavior - In functioning as an SD, listener = audience for verbal behavior - Audience = SD where verbal behavior is reinforced.

Question 39

Identifying Verbal Operant

Answer 39

1. Does an MO control the response form? Yes, then it is at least part mand 2. Does an SD control the response form? If yes, then: 3. Is the SD noverbal? If yes, then the operant is at least part tact. 4. Is the SD verbal? If yes, then: 5. Is there point-to-point correspondence between the verbal SD and the response? - If no, then the operant is at least part intraverbal. - If yes, then: 6. Is there formal similarity between the verbal SD and the response. - If yes, then the operant must be echoic, imitative, or copying text - If no, then the operand must be textural or transcription