Week 6 (T) Flashcards
client-centred health promotion
concerned with a person’s agency in decision-making
- acknowledges people can take some control over their lives through knowledge, skills and confidence
- may enable people to identify structural barriers and facilitators to health
behaviour change
a necessary but not sufficient aspect of promoting health
individual interventions to behaviour change
can help people to change behaviours under their control
- BUT tend to overlook important environmental factors that influence behaviour and ultimately health
environmental factors that are influence behaviour change
- availability and form of health services
- community-level factors like the extent of community empowerment
- public policies related to health and otherwise
- traditional social media
result of individual interventions to behaviour change
improve health, and help people develop a sense of personal empowerment for making and maintaining a change in health-related behaviours
4 Psychological Constructs Important for Behaviour Change
- Beliefs
- Values
- Attitudes
- Drives
3 Theories Important for Behaviour Change Often Used by Health Promoters
- The Health Belief Model
- The Theory of Reasoned Action
- extension = the Theory of Planned Behaviour
- The Stages of Change Model
3 Ways Health Promoters can Encourage Behaviour Change
- Providing information
- Educating
- Counselling
Motivational Interviewing
one-on-one, client-centred technique used to encourage behaviour change
5 Pre-requisites for Successful Behaviour Change
- change must be self-initiated
- behaviour must become highly important to the person
- The importance of the behaviour must appear over a period of time
- behaviour is not part of the person’s coping strategies
- Social support is available to the person to help wth behaviour change
factors influencing behaviour change
- clear goal and plan to change
- motivation
- opportunity
- cue to action
- felt in control of decision, or if it was imposed
- good or bad outcomes you expect to experience
- self-efficacy
- perceptions about susceptibility and severity of illness that can be prevented by change
- level of support
- beliefs, values, attitudes, and drives
beliefs about the behaviour change
what do you believe will happen if you engage in the behaviour change
perceived severity
belief of how severe a situation or health issue is
perceived susceptibility
how susceptible and individual believes they are to a particular situation or health issue
social support to make the change
having social support make help you make the change
being in control of the decision (opportunity to change)
can you control the decision, or is it being imposed on you
health belief model
- explains why people weren’t engaging in preventative behaviour like getting vaccinations
- focuses on BELIEFS and PERCEPTIONS people have about the particular behaviour and disease or injury
constructs of a health belief model
- Perceived susceptibility to the disease
- Perceived severity of the disease
- Perceived threat of the disease
- Perceived benefits of the preventative action
- Perceived barriers to preventative action
- Cues to action encouraging behaviour change
Theory of Reasoned Action
explains why people engage in particular behaviours
how does the Theory of Reasoned Action explain intention to engage in a behaviour?
people’s attitude towards a behaviour, and their beliefs about what significant others think about a behaviour, predicts intention to engage in the behaviour, and engaging in the behaviour itself
Theory of Planned Behaviour:
extension of the Theory of Reasoned Action
- addition of perceived behavioural control, or how much people believe they are in CONTROL of the behaviour
Perceived Behavioural Control
involves…
- how much a person believes they are in control of a behaviour
- how much they think factors external to them support or inhibit them from engaging in the behaviour
constructs of the Theory of Planned Behaviour
- Beliefs about outcomes
- Evaluations of these outcomes
- Beliefs about important others’ attitude to the behaviour
- Motivation to comply with important others
- Internal control factors
- External control factors
- Behavioural intention
- Behaviour
beliefs about outcomes
what do you think would happen if you changed behaviours
evaluations of outcomes
how good or bad would it be if these certain outcomes occurred?
Beliefs about important others’ attitude to the behaviour
how much do you think the significant others would support you if you changed behaviours?
Motivation to comply with important others
how much do you care about people’s views about the behaviour change (my partner, child, pediatrician, etc.)
Internal control factors
how strongly do you agree that the behaviour change is under your control?
External control factors
how strongly do you agree that factors out of your control will make it difficult for you to change the behaviour?
Behavioural intention
how strongly do you intend to change the behaviour?
The Stages of Change Model
explains that people can be at various levels of readiness when it comes to making a behaviour change
- used to understand other health-related behaviours
- knowing what stage a person is in helps to identify intervention strategies that will be effective in helping them move from one stage to the next
Stages of Change Categories
- Pre-contemplation
- Contemplation
- Ready to Change
- Making a Change
- Maintaining the Change
- Relapse
***model is linear, but people can revert back to prior stages or skip ahead
