Week 11 (E) Flashcards
5 steps of generic planning cycle
- Assesment of need
- Setting aims, or what you intend to achieve
- Setting objectives, which are precise and measurable outcomes
- deciding on methods, interventions or strageties to achieve the objectives
- assessing whether you have met the objectives
differences between strategic and project planning
strategic planning is for a broad program, project planning is for smaller-scale, time limited health promotion projects
three planning models
- generic 7-stage model
- logistical frameworks (log frames)
- PRECEDE-PROCEED Model
Stages in the Generic 7 Stage Model
- Identify the nature of the problem
- Set aims and objectives
- Identify methods to achieve abjectives
- Identify resources and inputs
- Plan evaluation methods
- Set an action plan
- Implement the plan
step 1:Identify the nature of the problem
what is the health issue?
who is affected by the health issue?
what are the determinants of the health issue?
Step 2: Set aims and objectives
what is the overarching purpose of the project?
what specific changes do you hope to bring about
Step 3: Identify methods to achieve objectives
-what combination of reorienting health services, developing personal skills, strengthening community action, developing health policy, or using the media is most likely to bring about hoped for changes
Step 4: Identify resources and inputs
-what is your budget? is it big enough to implement the methods you have identified?
-which stakeholders have expertise and time to devote to the project?
Step 5: Plan evaluation methods
-what research activities will you conduct to assess if youve met the projects objectives?
-when will you conduct the research activities?
step 6: set an action plan
-what are all of the tasks that need to be completed?
- when will every task be completed by?
- who si responsible for every task?
Step 7: implement the plan
-if you have answered the questions prior, you can start the project
planning in health promotion is often expressed in
figures
A logic chain includes:
-inputs (what we invest)
-Outputs (activities we do and participants we reach)
-Outcomes (what we expect to happen in the short, medium or long term)
what is a logic model
a type of chain for a specific intervention project
logical model includes:
-workforce inputs
-short term outcomes
-intermediate outcomes
-long term outcomes
-impacts
example of input
intervention activities
example short-term outcomes
changes in individual knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, or skills
examples medium term outcomes
changes in behaviour
examples long term outcomes
changes in health status
the most known adn used model of health promotion program
PRECEDE-PROCEED planning model
PRECEDE-PROCEED planning model
-logical model
-more detail than the generic 7 stage model
-explicitly links evaluation activties to the prior phases
PRECEDE-PROCEED planning model phase 1
Social Assessment
-situational analysis
-focus on QoL
-talk with population and discuss QoL issues they are facing
what does precede stand for
predisposing
reinforcing
enabling
constructs in
educational
diagnosis
evaluation model
what does proceed stand for
policy
regulatory
organizational
constructs in
educational
environmental
developemnent
precede vs proceed
precede - steps before intervention, done inventory of community, and what issue is and barriers/things that will HELP intervention
proceed - run intervention and evaluate it, are people changing? is this doing what we want?
Precede phases
1-5
proceed phases
6-9
PRECEDE-PROCEED planning model phase 2
Epidemiological assessment
-what are the factors affecting the QoL issue?
-what is having the negative impact? health concern?
PRECEDE-PROCEED planning model phase 3
Behavioural & Environmental Assessment
-what are the barriers?
-environmental factors that influence behaviour
-what needs to be changed
PRECEDE-PROCEED planning model phase 4
Educational & Ecological Assessment
-predisposing, reinforcing and enabling factors that are effecting something
What is a predisposing factor
-happens beforehand
-exists within the individual
-facilitate or hinder motivation for change
ex. not having proper knowledge about a behaviour
what is a Reinforcing factor
providing feedback and facilitating adherance, come into play AFTER behaviour has begun
what is an enabling factor
-barriers/opporitunity that are created by society
-make it easier or harder for person to change
PRECEDE-PROCEED planning model phase 5
Administrative and Policy Assessment
-is what we want to do possible?
-make sure what we want is aligned with what is possible
PRECEDE-PROCEED planning model phase 6
Implementation
-running the intervention
PRECEDE-PROCEED planning model phase 7
Process Evaluation
-Are we doing what we said we were going to do?
How can we monitor for all the proceed phases?
Surveys, interviews, RCTs, Record keeping
PRECEDE-PROCEED planning model phase 8
Impac Evaluation
- are we having an impact on behaviour lifestyle and environment like we wanted to?
PRECEDE-PROCEED planning model phase 9
Outcome Evaluation
-did i change the bigger level thing I set out to change?
what phases rarely happen sequentially
Phase 1 & 2
Aims
broad goals/statements of what an intervention or project is intended to achieve
***not necessarily measurable
Objective
precise, measurable, statements of intended outcomes
good objectives include what 4 elements:
- Who: people expected to change
- what: action
- when: time frame
- how much: extent to change
good objective follow what criteria
SMART
specific, measurable, achieveable, realistic, time bound
Types of objectives
educational, behavioural, policy, environmental or process
Educational Objectives
short-term, involving changes in knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, competencies or skills
Behavioural Objective
longer-term and involve changes in lifestyle or uptake of services
Policy objective
involve change in policy
environemtnal objectives
concerned with changes to the physcial or social environment
process objective
assessing the implementation of the program, such as whether principles like community participation have been met or sufficient numbers reached
intervention method chosen should realistically be expected to
achieve the interventions aims and objectives
why are objectives particularily important
they are the standard against which intervention effectiveness is assessed in the evaluation phase
