WEEK 6 PERITONEUM AND PERITONEAL CAVITY FINISHED Flashcards
What does peritoneum mean? What is it? How many layers does it have and what are they called?
A continuous transparent serous membrane.
An extensive serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities and clothes/invests the vicera.
Has 2 layers but they are continuous with each other.
- parietal peritoneum
- visceral peritoneum
What is the peritoneums claim to fame?
Largest serous membrane in the body
Describe the parietal peritoneum. What is it sensitive to? Where does it receive its blood and nerve supply from?
Lines the internal surface of the abdominal and pelvic walls.
Sensitive to pain, temp, pressure and touch.
Receives same blood and nerve supply as the region of wall it lies on.
Describe the visceral peritoneum. What is it sensitive to? Where does it receive its blood and nerve supply from?
Invests the viscera and organs e.g. stomach.
Sensitive only to stretch and tearing.
Receives the same blood and nerve supply as the organ that it covers.
How is the peritoneum different in males and females?
In men its an enclosed sac, in women it is perforated by the free ends of the uterine tubes
Is the peritoneal cavity empty or full? What is the purpose of the serous fluid and what does the serous fluid contain?
Usually empty except for a thin layer of fluid that keeps the peritoneum surfaces moist - potential space between the layers of the peritoneum, which contains fluid that allows the viscera to move over each other without friction. This fluid also contains leukocytes and antibodies to help fight any infections.
Define intraperitoneal organs
Organs that are almost completely covered with visceral peritoneum.
eg stomach, spleen, jejunum, ileum
Define extraperitoneal organs
Organs that are external to the parietal peritoneum, usually just one surface is covered with peritoneum.
What is the difference between retroperitoneal, extra peritoneal and sub peritoneal organs?
Retroperitoneal and sub peritoneal are subcategories of extra peritoneal. Retroperitoneal are posterior , sub peritoneal are inferior
What is it called when visceral peritoneum encloses or suspends an organ within the peritoneal cavity? What are these structures called? What do there structures help with?
These organs are attached to the walls by peritoneal ligaments, also known as omenta or mesenteries.
They permit blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves to reach these organs
Define mesentary. What is its role?
A double layer of peritoneum that results from the invagination of the peritoneum by an organ. It constitutes the continuity of the visceral and parietal peritoneum. It has a core of connective tissue containing blood, lymph, nerves, lymph nodes and fat
It provides means for neurovascular communication between the organ and the abdominal wall. It attaches the organ to the posterior abdominal wall
Define omentum. What are the 2 different omentum?
A fold of peritoneum that passes from the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum to adjacent organs or and abdominal wall.
2 omentum:
Greater omentum
Lesser omentum
What is the lesser omentum?
Connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum to the fissure of the ligamentum venous and porta hepatis on the under surface of the liver.
What is the greater omentum?
A 4 layer fold of peritoneum that hangs down like an apron.
It connects to the greater curvature of the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum and hangs down, wrapping posteriorly to connect to the anterior surface of the transverse colon and its mesentery.
What are the peritoneal ligaments and where can they be found?
They consist of the double later of peritoneum that connect an organ with another organ of the posterior abdominal wall.
