WEEK 5 TRACHEA FINISHED Flashcards
How long is the trachea?
10 cm long
What makes the trachea?
Hyaline cartilage tube
Where does the trachea extend?
From the larynx into the thorax where is divides into left and right bronchi
C6 to the sternal angle
Posterior aspect of the trachea is different, why?
Gap in the rings for mobility.
Smooth muscle - trachealis
What is lateral to the trachea?
Common carotid arteries and the thyroid lobes
What is to the right of the trachea?
The brachiocephalic trunk in the root of the neck
What is anterior to the trachea?
Isthmus of the thyroid gland 2nd/3rd tracheal rings
Inferior to the isthmus is the inferior thyroid veins
What is posterior to the trachea?
Oesophagus (between the 2 runs the recurrent laryngeal nerve)
What type of epithelium does the trachea have?
Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium
What is the blood supply to the trachea?
Inferior thyroid arteries and bronchial arteries
Where does the blood supply to the trachea anastomose?
Around the tracheal wall
Where do the veins that drain the trachea drain into?
Into the inferior thyroid plexus (left brachiocephalic vein)q
What is the nerve supply for the trachea?
CN X
Upper thoracic sympathetics T1-T6
Where to the primary bronchi pass?
Inferolaterally from the bifurcation of the trachea (at the angle of louis level/T4-T5 IVD) to pass to the hill of each lung
What are the features of the right main bronchus?
Wider, shorter and runs more vertically
What are the features of the left main bronchus?
Narrower and longer. Passes inferolaterally under the arch of the aorta and then in front of the oesophagus and thoracic aorta then to the hilum of the lung
How many secondary bronchi on the left and right?
2 on the left
3 on the right
Approx how many tertiary/segmental bronchi are there?
around 10 per side
How many terminal bronchi are there?
around 20-25 per side
What is the progression of the bronchiole branches?
Main bronchi, secondary bronchi (lobar), tertiary (segmental), terminal bronchi, respiratory bronchi, alveolar ducts, sacs, alveoli
Arterial supply of the bronchi?
Bronchial arteries Usually 3 (2 on left, 1 on right)
Where do the left bronchial arteries arise? How many of them are there?
Left aspect of the thoracic aorta
Usually 2
Where does the right bronchial artery arise?
Off thoracic aorta OR Superior posterior intercostal artery OR Common trunk with the left superior bronchial arteries
