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YEAR 2 SEMESTER 1 ANATOMY > WEEK 2 LECTURE KIDNEYS FINISHED > Flashcards

WEEK 2 LECTURE KIDNEYS FINISHED Flashcards

1
Q

What does nephro mean?

A

Greek meaning kidneys

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2
Q

What does renal mean?

A

Latin means kidneys

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3
Q

What is the size of the kidneys

A

10x5x2.5

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4
Q

How much do kidneys weigh?

A

130gm

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5
Q

How much blood is processed by the kidneys per minute

A

1200ml

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6
Q

What covers the anterior aspect of the kidneys

A

Parietal peritoneum

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7
Q

Are they peritoneal or retroperitoneal

A

Retroperitoneal

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8
Q

Where do the kidneys sit

A

B/w T12 and L3 in the paravertebral gutters

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9
Q

Which kidney sits lowest?

A

The right (as the liver is sitting above it)

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10
Q

How much can the kidneys move during respiration/

A

2cm

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11
Q

What separates the kidneys

A

The renal fascia which surrounds the perinephric fat and extends as a dome over the superior pole and suprarenal gland.

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12
Q

Where does the fascia of the anterior and posterior border of the kidneys fuse?

A

Lateral renal border (but not the medial border)

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13
Q

What is a hilum?

A

An indentation in an organ where structures enter and leave the organ

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14
Q

What is above the kidneys?

A

The diaphragm

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15
Q

What is posterior to the kidneys?

A 
Lower ribs
QL
TA
Iliohypogastric nerves
ilioinguinal nerves
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16
Q

What is anterior to the kidneys?

A

Right:
Liver, duodenum, ascending colon

Left:
Stomach, spleen, descending colon, pancreas, jejunum

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17
Q

What level is the hilum of each kidney at?

A

The transpyloric plane

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18
Q

What do the hila of each kidney extend into?

A

The renal sinus

19
Q

At what level is the transpyloric plane?

A

L1 (midway between jugular notch and pubic symphysis)

20
Q

What structures come into the hilum, anterior to posterior

A

Renal vein
Renal artery
Pelvis of the ureters

21
Q

What is the arterial supply for the kidneys?

A

2 short renal arteries which arise at the level of L1/L2 IVD

22
Q

Where does the right renal artery pass?

A

Posterior to the IVC

23
Q

How many parts do the arteries branch into?

A

5 branches

24
Q

Is there a collateral circulation between the arteries of the different segments?

A

No

25
Q

Based on the arterial blood supply, how many parts is the kidney divided into?

A

5

26
Q

Do the renal vein segments communicate?

A

Yes, unlike the arteries

27
Q

Where does the right renal vein drain into?

A

IVC

28
Q

Where does the left renal vein drain into?

A

Over the abdominal aorta and into the IVC

29
Q

What is the nerve supply for the kidneys?

A

ANS
- T10-T11 sympathetics, preganglionic through the T splanchnic nerves, postganglionic through the coeliac and renal ganglia.

PNS
- Vagus nerve, CNX

30
Q

What is cortex latin for?

A

Bark

31
Q

What does the cortex form in the kidneys?

A

The outer shell as well as the columns which lie between the individual units of the medulla and extend towards the renal pelvis as the renal columns

32
Q

What do the renal columns lie between?

A

Triangular, striated areas called the medullary pyramids

33
Q

What does the point of each peak of each medullary pyramid extend towards?

A

It protrudes into part of the urine collecting system (The calyceal system)

34
Q

What is the pointed tip of each medulla called?

A

The papilla

35
Q

How medullary pyramids does each human kidney have?

A

10-18

36
Q

How many nephrons are in each kidney (approximately)?

A

1 million

37
Q

What is the smallest unit capable of producing urine?

A

The nephron

38
Q

What are the 2 parts of the nephron?

A

The glomerulus

The cortical and medullary tubular systems

39
Q

Where does the initial filtration of blood occur?

A

The glomerulus

40
Q

Where are all the glomeruli found?

A

Within the cortex

41
Q

What is the renal pelvis?

A

A flattened funnel shaped expansion of the superior end of the ureters

42
Q

What does each renal pelvis consist of?

A

2 or 3 major calyces/calices, each of which divides into 2 or 3 minor calyces.

43
Q

What are minor calyces indented by?

A

Renal papillae, the apex of the renal pyramid

44
Q

What are the 3 major functions of the kidneys?

A

Filter blood (1200ml/min)
Remove wastes and toxins
Assist in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance

YEAR 2 SEMESTER 1 ANATOMY (19 decks)

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