WEEK 6 CIRCULATION TO THE ABDOMEN FINISHED Flashcards
What are the 2 classification of the branches of the abdominal aorta?
Pairing: Paired or unpaired
Distribution: Visceral or parietal
What are the 3 unpaired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta and at what level do each of these branches exit the aorta?
Celiac trunk (T12)
Superior mesenteric artery (L1)
Inferior mesenteric artery (L3)
What are the 3 paired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta and at what level do each of these branches exit the aorta?
Suprarenal arteries (L1) Renal arteries (L1) Gonadal arteries - ovarian and testicular (L2)
Describe the celiac trunk. Describe its pathway and branches, what its surrounded by.
Short wide trunk. Arises off the anterior abdominal aorta just distal to the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm at the level of T12.
Surrounded by the celiac lymph nodes as well as the celiac ganglia
Divides into
- Left gastric artery
- Splenic artery
- Hepatic artery
What are the branches of the splenic artery? What does each of these branches supply? Do any of them branch further, if so which ones and into what?
- Short gastric artery: Fundus of the stomach
- Arteries to the pancreas (around about 10 of them): The pancreas
- Left gastro-omental artery: Left aspect of the greater curvature of the stomach
Also continues as the splenic artery to supply the spleen
What are the branches of the hepatic artery? Do any of them branch further, if so which ones and into what?
- Right gastric artery: Right portion of the lesser curvature of the stomach
- Gastroduodenal artery: distal bile duct
branches into
> right gastro-omental: right greater curvature of the stomach
AND
> anterior posterior superior pancreatic-duodenal artery: duodenum and pancreas - Left hepatic artery:
Liver - Right hepatic artery: Liver
branches into the
> cystic artery: gall bladder, cystic duct, proximal bile duct
What does the Splenic artery supply?
The spleen
What does the arteries to the pancreas supply and how many of them are there?
The pancreas
Around 10
What does the short gastric artery supply?
The fundus of the stomach
What does the left gastro-omental artery supply?
Left aspect of the greater curvature of the stomach
What does the gastroduodenal artery supply?
Distal bile duct
What does the right gastro-omental artery supply?
Right aspect of greater curvature of the stomach
What does the anterior and posterior superior pancreatic-duodenal artery supply?
Duodenum and pancreas
What does the right gastric artery supply?
The right portion of the lesser curvature of the stomach
What does the left hepatic artery supply?
The liver
What does the right hepatic artery supply?
The liver
What does the cystic artery supply?
The gall bladder, cystic duct and promixal bile duct
Where does the superior mesenteric artery arise from? Where does it go after it exits the aorta?
The anterior abdominal aorta, 1cm below celiac trunk at the level of L1
Enters the upper end of the mesentery of the small intestine
What are the branches of the superior mesenteric artery? Do any of them branch further, if so which ones and into what?
- Middle colic artery
- Right colic artery
- Ileocolic artery - appendicular artery
- Intestinal artery
- Anterior and posterior inferior pancreatico-duodenal artery
What does the anterior and posterior inferior pancreatico-duodenal artery supply?
Duodenum and pancreas
What does the intestinal arteries supply? How many of them are there?
They’re found in the mesentery and supply the jejunum and the ileum
What does the middle colic artery supply?
Found in the transverse mesocolon and supplies the transverse colon
What does the right colic artery supply?
The ascending colon and a little of the transverse colon
What does the ileocolic artery supply?
It is the terminal branch of the superior mesenteric artery and supplies the ileum, the caecum and the ascending colon.
What does the appendicular artery supply?
The vermiform appendix
Describe the inferior mesenteric artery. Where does it arise from?
Arises from the anterior part of the abdominal aorta behind the 3rd part of the duodenum at the level of umbilicus (L3)
What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery? Do any of them branch further, if so which ones and into what?
- Left colic artery
- Sigmoid artery
- Superior rectal artery
What does the left colic artery supply?
The descending colon, a little of the transverse colon and the sigmoid colon
What do the sigmoid arteries supply? How many of them are there?
3-4
Supply the descending colon and the sigmoid colon
What does the superior rectal artery supply?
It is the terminal branch of the inferior mesenteric artery. It supplies the proximal part of the rectum
What is the vein distribution in the abdomen?
All veins are tributaries of the IVC except the left gonadal vein and the left suprarenal vein which enter the left renal vein before entering the IVC.
Where does the IVC start and how does it ascend? Where does it exit the thorax? What is its function?
Begins anterior to L5 vertebra by the union of the common iliac veins. IVC ascends on the right side of the bodies of L3-L5, right psoas and to the right of the aorta.
Exits the thorax through the caval opening at the level of T8
Its function is to return poorly oxygenated blood from the lower limbs, most of the posterior abdominal wall and the abdominopelvic viscera to the heart.
Where does the blood from the abdominal viscera travel before it enters the IVC?
It travels through the portal venous system and the liver before entering the IVC through the hepatic veins.
Blood from the digestive tract goes through the liver first,. The rest of the blood flows straight into the IVC.
What is the exception about the left gonadal vein and the left supra renal vein?
They flow into the left renal vein before it empties into the IVC.
