WEEK 5 LUNGS FINISHED Flashcards
What separates the lungs?
The mediastinum
What surrounds each lung?
Pleura
What is the outer layer of the pleura
The parietal layer
What is the inner layer of the pleura?
The visceral layer
Where does the 2 layers of the pleura become continuous?
At the root of the lung
Features of the right lung?
Heavier Larger Shorter Wider Anterior margin is relatively straight
How many lobes on the right and what are they?
Superior lobe (Horizontal fissure) Middle Lobe (Oblique fissure) Lower lobe
How many lobes on the left and what are they?
Superior lobe
(Oblique fissure)
Lower lobe
Where is the apex of the lungs?
Superior end, convex in shape
What are the 3 surfaces of the lungs? Describe them
Costal surface - adjacent to the sternum, costal cartilages and ribs
Mediastinal surface - relates to the mediastinum and vertebra and includes the hilum
Diaphragmatic surface - rests on the convex dome of the diaphragm
Costal surface of the lungs
Large, smooth, convex
Adjacent to sternum and costal cartilage and ribs
Mediastinal surface of the lungs
Concave
Relates to the mediastinum containing the heart etc
Has a pericardial concavity
What is found on the mediastinal surface of each lung?
The Hilum
What enter and exit the lungs through the hilum?
Main bronchus Pulmonary vessels Bronchial vessels Lymphatic vessels Nerves
What is the root of the lung?
Formed by the structures of the lung
= the region of the mediastinum where the lung is connected to the trachea and heart
Is enclosed within the pleural sleeve
What is the groove in the right lung for?
The oesophagus
Is there a cardiac impression in the right lung?
Yes, a shallow one
What is the big impression in the left lung from?
The cardiac area
What is the groove in the left lung for?
The aortic arch and descending aorta
What are the 3 borders of the lungs?
Anterior
Inferior
Posterior
Anterior border of the lungs
Where the costal surface meets the mediastinal surface anteriorly
Inferior border of the lungs
Where the diaphragmatic surface meets the costal surface and the mediastinal surface
Posterior border of the lungs
Where the mediastinal surface meets the costal surface posteriorly
What is the arterial supply for the lungs? Veins?
Pulmonary arteries, left and right
- Arise from the pulmonary trunk at the same level of the sternal angle
- poorly oxygenated blood
- contribute to the root of the lung
- give off their first branch to the superior lobe before entering the hilum
- within the lung further divide into lobar and segmental branches
- the arteries and bronchi are paired in the lung
- they branch simultaneously
and run parallel courses
Bronchial arteries
• Supply the structures comprising the root of the lungs, the supporting tissues of the lungs, visceral pleura
• Left bronchial arteries arise from the left thoracic aorta (usually 2)
• Single right bronchial artery arises from one of the following
- directly off the thoracic aorta
- a superior posterior intercostal artery (us. 3rd posterior intercostal artery)
- a common trunk with the left superior bronchial artery
Picture- Clinically Orientated Anatomy, Moore (2010)
• Get anastomosing between bronchial arteries and pulmonary arteries
Bronchial veins
• Drainpartoftheblood supplied to the lungs by the bronchial arteries • Rt--> azygos vein • Lt --> accessary Bronchial veins azygos vein
Pulmonary veins
- 2 on each side
- Carry well oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
- Run independently to the arteries
What is the nerve supply to the lungs
PNS - Vagus
Sympathetics T1-T6 (cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves)
Where is the lower border of the lungs?
Anteriorly, midclavicular line (level of 6th rib)
Midaxillary line (level of 8th rib)
Posteriorly (level of 10th rib)
Where is the pleura in relation to the lower border of the lungs?
2 spaces below
Where is the hilum?
Behind 3rd/4th costal cartilages at the sternal margins, level with T5-T9 vertebra
How to find the oblique tissues of the lungs?
SP of T3 to the 6th rib
How to find the horizontal fissure?
Right 4th costal cartilage
Meets the oblique fissure in the mid axillary line
