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YEAR 2 SEMESTER 1 ANATOMY > WEEK 5 LUNGS FINISHED > Flashcards

WEEK 5 LUNGS FINISHED Flashcards

1
Q

What separates the lungs?

A

The mediastinum

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2
Q

What surrounds each lung?

A

Pleura

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3
Q

What is the outer layer of the pleura

A

The parietal layer

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4
Q

What is the inner layer of the pleura?

A

The visceral layer

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5
Q

Where does the 2 layers of the pleura become continuous?

A

At the root of the lung

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6
Q

Features of the right lung?

A 
Heavier
Larger
Shorter
Wider
Anterior margin is relatively straight
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7
Q

How many lobes on the right and what are they?

A 
Superior lobe
(Horizontal fissure)
Middle Lobe
(Oblique fissure)
Lower lobe
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8
Q

How many lobes on the left and what are they?

A

Superior lobe
(Oblique fissure)
Lower lobe

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9
Q

Where is the apex of the lungs?

A

Superior end, convex in shape

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10
Q

What are the 3 surfaces of the lungs? Describe them

A

Costal surface - adjacent to the sternum, costal cartilages and ribs
Mediastinal surface - relates to the mediastinum and vertebra and includes the hilum
Diaphragmatic surface - rests on the convex dome of the diaphragm

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11
Q

Costal surface of the lungs

A

Large, smooth, convex

Adjacent to sternum and costal cartilage and ribs

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12
Q

Mediastinal surface of the lungs

A

Concave
Relates to the mediastinum containing the heart etc
Has a pericardial concavity

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13
Q

What is found on the mediastinal surface of each lung?

A

The Hilum

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14
Q

What enter and exit the lungs through the hilum?

A 
Main bronchus
Pulmonary vessels
Bronchial vessels
Lymphatic vessels
Nerves
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15
Q

What is the root of the lung?

A

Formed by the structures of the lung
= the region of the mediastinum where the lung is connected to the trachea and heart
Is enclosed within the pleural sleeve

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16
Q

What is the groove in the right lung for?

A

The oesophagus

17
Q

Is there a cardiac impression in the right lung?

A

Yes, a shallow one

18
Q

What is the big impression in the left lung from?

A

The cardiac area

19
Q

What is the groove in the left lung for?

A

The aortic arch and descending aorta

20
Q

What are the 3 borders of the lungs?

A

Anterior
Inferior
Posterior

21
Q

Anterior border of the lungs

A

Where the costal surface meets the mediastinal surface anteriorly

22
Q

Inferior border of the lungs

A

Where the diaphragmatic surface meets the costal surface and the mediastinal surface

23
Q

Posterior border of the lungs

A

Where the mediastinal surface meets the costal surface posteriorly

24
Q

What is the arterial supply for the lungs? Veins?

A

Pulmonary arteries, left and right
- Arise from the pulmonary trunk at the same level of the sternal angle
- poorly oxygenated blood
- contribute to the root of the lung
- give off their first branch to the superior lobe before entering the hilum
- within the lung further divide into lobar and segmental branches
- the arteries and bronchi are paired in the lung
- they branch simultaneously
and run parallel courses

25
Q

Bronchial arteries

A

• Supply the structures comprising the root of the lungs, the supporting tissues of the lungs, visceral pleura
• Left bronchial arteries arise from the left thoracic aorta (usually 2)
• Single right bronchial artery arises from one of the following
- directly off the thoracic aorta
- a superior posterior intercostal artery (us. 3rd posterior intercostal artery)
- a common trunk with the left superior bronchial artery
Picture- Clinically Orientated Anatomy, Moore (2010)
• Get anastomosing between bronchial arteries and pulmonary arteries

26
Q

Bronchial veins

A 
• Drainpartoftheblood supplied to the lungs by the bronchial arteries
• Rt--> azygos vein
• Lt --> accessary
Bronchial veins
azygos vein
27
Q

Pulmonary veins

A
  • 2 on each side
  • Carry well oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
  • Run independently to the arteries
28
Q

What is the nerve supply to the lungs

A

PNS - Vagus

Sympathetics T1-T6 (cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves)

29
Q

Where is the lower border of the lungs?

A

Anteriorly, midclavicular line (level of 6th rib)
Midaxillary line (level of 8th rib)
Posteriorly (level of 10th rib)

30
Q

Where is the pleura in relation to the lower border of the lungs?

A

2 spaces below

31
Q

Where is the hilum?

A

Behind 3rd/4th costal cartilages at the sternal margins, level with T5-T9 vertebra

32
Q

How to find the oblique tissues of the lungs?

A

SP of T3 to the 6th rib

33
Q

How to find the horizontal fissure?

A

Right 4th costal cartilage

Meets the oblique fissure in the mid axillary line

YEAR 2 SEMESTER 1 ANATOMY (19 decks)

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