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YEAR 2 SEMESTER 1 ANATOMY > WEEK 10 FEMALE PELVIC ORGANS FINISHED > Flashcards

WEEK 10 FEMALE PELVIC ORGANS FINISHED Flashcards

1
Q

What is uterus latin for?

A

Womb

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2
Q

What is cervic latin for?

A

Neck

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3
Q

What is Vagina latin for?

A

Sheath

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4
Q

What is Ovaries latin for?

A

Ovum meaning egg

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5
Q

What is the size shape and function of the uterus?

A

Size:
8 x 5 x 3 cm

Function:
Site for reception, retention and nutrition of a fertilised ovum

Shape:
Flattened pear shape

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6
Q

What are the 3 parts of the uterus?

A

Fundus, body, cervix

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7
Q

Describe the fundus of the uterus:

Where is it? what is it covered with?

A

Base of the organ, furthest part from the opening
The region of the utters above where the fallopian tubes enter.
A coat of peritoneum covers the fundus and continues down over the from and back of the body of the uterus

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8
Q

Describe the body of the uterus:

Shape, parts, what is it covered with? Where do the fallopian tubes enter? What are the surfaces called

A

Flattened posteriorly/anteriorly. Potential cavity where the anterior and posterior walls are usually in contact

Cavity - triangular in coronal plane, cleft shape in sagittal plane

Fallopian tubes enter at the cornu

The body is surrounded by the peritoneum which laterally becomes the broad ligament

Surfaces:

  • anteriorly = vesicle surface
  • posteriorly = intestinal surface
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9
Q

What does the peritoneum become lateral to the body of the uterus?

A

The broad ligament

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10
Q

What are the 2 pouches found in the female pelvis? Name them and describe where they are.
Do they contain anything?

A

Pouch of douglas/rectouterine pouch

  • Between the rectum and the uterus.
  • Contains sigmoid colon and ileum

Vesicouterine pouch

  • between the uterus and the bladder.
  • contains nothing
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11
Q

What is the isthmus of the body of the uterus?

A

The lower 1/2cm of the body which is continuous with the cervix.

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12
Q

What is the cervix?
What parts does it have?
What is the canal of the cervix also commonly called?
What is the external os? What is it level with?

A

The neck of the uterus

Has vaginal and supravaginal parts

The canal of the cervix is commonly called the internal os.

The external os is the opening of the cervix into the vagina. It is level with the ischial spines

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13
Q

What is the arterial supply to the uterus?

What is the venous supply?

A

Arterial supply:
Uterine arteries plus ovarian arteries

Venous supply:
Uterine veins form a uterine venous plexus on each side of the cervix. They drain into the internal iliac veins.

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14
Q

What is the innervation of the uterus?

A

Uterovaginal plexus from the inferior hypogastric plexus

SNS = T12-L1/2
PNS = S2-S4
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15
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterus?

A

Perimetrium: outermost layer, thin visceral peritoneum

Myometrium: thick muscular walls, consisting of 3 ill-defined layers containing bundles of long, circular and spiral orientated fibres.

Endometrium - mucosal lining

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16
Q

What are the ligaments of the uterus?

A

Broad ligament
Round ligament
Suspensory ligament

17
Q

What is the broad ligament of the uterus?
What ligaments does it form?
What are its functions?

A

Double layer of peritoneum that extends from the sides of the uterus to the lateral walls and floor of the pelvis.

Laterally forms the suspensory ligament

Functions:

  • Provides passage for the ovarian vessels, nerves and lymphatics
  • Keeps uterus in position.
18
Q

What is the round ligament? Where does it attach?

A

Attaches anteroinferiorly to the junction of the uterine tubes and uterus. Exits the pelvis and passes through the inguinal canal to attach on to the skin of the labia majora.

19
Q

What is the vagina? How long is it? Where is it situated? What does it extend between?

A

A muscular membranous tube

7-9 cm long

Upper half lies above the pelvic floor, lower half lies within the peritoneum

Lies between the urethra/ bladder anteriorly and the anal canal, rectum and rectouterine pouch posteriorly. Lies between the levator ani muscles and visceral pelvic fascia and ureters.

Extends between the vestibule and the cervix.

20
Q

What is the vaginal fornix? What parts does it have?

A

The recess around the cervix in the vagina. It has anterior, posterior and lateral parts

21
Q

What are the 4 muscles that compress the vagina?

A

Pubovaginalis (part of pubococcygeus)
External urethra sphincter
Urethrovaginal sphincter
Bulbospongiosus

22
Q

What is the function of the vagina? (4)

A

Communicates superiorly with the cervical canal and inferiorly with the vestibule of the vagina

Serves as an excretory duct for menstrual fluid

Forms the inferior part of the pelvic canal

Receives the penis and ejaculate during sexual intercourse

23
Q

What is the arterial supply to the vagina? What is the venous drainage of the vagina?

A

Vaginal arteries

Vaginal veins form the vaginal venous plexus along side the vagina and within the vaginal mucosa

The veins are continuous with the uterine venous plexus as the uterovaginal venous plexus and drain into the internal iliac veins via the uterine vein

24
Q

What is that innervation of the vagina?

A

Superior 3/4 = Visceral in terms of innervation

  • Nerves to this region are derived from the uterovaginal plexus, from the Inferior Hypogastric plexus.
  • SNS - Inferior hypogastric plexus
  • PNS - S2-S4

Inferior 1/4 = pudendal nerve (S2,S3,S4)

25
Q

What are the 3 names for the fallopian tubes?

A

Fallopian tubes
Uterine Tubes
Salpinges

26
Q

How long are the fallopian tubes? Where is the tube found in relation to the broad ligament?

A

10 cm long, with 1cm embedded in the uterine wall

Found in the upper free margin of the broad ligament

27
Q

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

A

Pathway for sperm to reach ovum.

Nourishment for fertilised ovum and transport of it to the uterus.

28
Q

What are the 4 parts of the fallopian tube? What are some features of each?

A

Infundibulum - laterally is open, has projections called fimbriae, one of which is attached to the ovary.

Ampulla - where the ovum is fertilised by the sperm

Isthmus - Narrow area which is thick walled as the fallopian tubes enters the uterus

Uterine - short segment of the tube which is passing through the uterine wall and opens through the uterine ostium (opening) into the uterine cavity.

29
Q

What is the arterial supply to the fallopian tubes?

What is the venous supply to the fallopian tubes?

A

Anastomosing branches from the uterine and ovarian arteries.

Drain into the ovarian veins and uterine venous plexus, which then drains into the internal iliac vein.

30
Q

What is the innervation of the fallopian tubes?

A

SNS = T11 - L1

PNS = S2 - S4 (inferior hypogastric plexus)

31
Q

What is the structure of the fallopian tubes?

A

Muscular walls with smooth muscle.

Longitudinal layers and circular layers, lined with ciliated simple columnar epithelium to help propel the ovum.

Also has non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium (produces fluid which helps to nourish and protect the travelling ovum)

32
Q

What shape are ovaries? What size are they? What is their function? and where do they lie?

A

Almond shapes

3.5cm long, 2cm wide, 1cm thick

Produces the ovum and hormones, oestrogen and progesterone.

It lies in a shallow fossa in the angle between the internal and external iliac vessel on the obturator nerve.

33
Q

Where do the ovaries attach?

A

Attached to the back of the broad ligament by the mesovarium, a specialised posterior extension of the broad ligament.

Attached distally to the lateral wall of the pelvis by the suspensory ligament

Attached to the uterus by the ligament of the ovary, a mass of smooth muscle and fibrous tissue found between the 2 layers of the peritoneum, continuous with the round ligament.

34
Q

Which ligament to the ovaries also conveys ovarian vessels, lymphatics and nerves to the from the ovaries?

A

The suspensory ligament

35
Q

Which ligament of the ovary is continuous of the round ligament of the uterus

A

The ligament of the ovary

36
Q

What are the ovaries covered by?

A

A thin fibrous capsule called the tunica albuginea

37
Q

What is the arterial supply of the ovaries?

What is the venous supply to the ovaries?

A

Ovarian arteries which arise from the abdo aorta. These can anastomose with the uterine arteries

Left ovarian vein drains into left renal vein, while the right ovarian vein drains into the inferior vena cava.

38
Q

What is the innervation of the ovaries?

A

Ovarian plexus:

SNS = T9 - T11

PNS = CN X

YEAR 2 SEMESTER 1 ANATOMY (19 decks)

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