WEEK 6: Long Term Memory Structure Flashcards
A system that is responsible for storing information for long periods of time
Long term memory
Archive of information in our past events in our lives and knowledge we have learned
Long term memory
Coordinates with working memory to help create our ongoing experience
Long term memory
Declarative
Explicit
Non-declarative
Implicit
Facts & general knowledge
Semantic
Experienced events
Episodic
Perceptual
Priming
Motor & cognitive skills
Procedural
MENTAL TIME TRAVEL:
Memory for specific personal experiences, involving mental time travel back in time to achieve a feeling of reliving experience
Episodic memory
MEMORY FOR FACTS:
Accessing things we are familiar or know about
Semantic memory
PERSONAL SEMANTIC MEMORIES:
People’s memories for experiences from their own lives. both episodic and semantic.
Autobiographical memory
TRUE OR FALSE:
Memory is better for words in the middle of a given list.
False. Memory is better for words at the beginning and end of the list than for words in the middle.
Refers to the form in which stimuli are represented
Coding
Occur in both STM and LTM
Visual & Auditory coding
Pre-dominant type of coding in LTM
Semantic coding
Pre-dominant type of coding in STM
Auditory coding
Coding for meaning; happens in the LTM predominantly
Semantic coding
EXAMPLES OF CODING IN SHORT-TERM MEMORY:
Holding an image in our mind to reproduce a visual pattern that was just seen.
Visual coding
EXAMPLES OF CODING IN SHORT-TERM MEMORY:
Representing the sounds of letters in your mind just after hearing them.
Auditory coding
EXAMPLES OF CODING IN SHORT-TERM MEMORY:
Placing words in an STM task into categories based on their meaning.
Semantic coding
EXAMPLES OF CODING IN LONG-TERM MEMORY:
Visualizing how your friend looked when you surprised him at this birthday party.
Visual coding
EXAMPLES OF CODING IN LONG-TERM MEMORY:
A song you have hear many times before, repeating it over and over in your mind.
Auditory coding
EXAMPLES OF CODING IN LONG-TERM MEMORY:
Recalling the general plot of a novel you read last week.
Semantic coding
MEMORY IN BRAIN:
Removal of medial temporal lobe including hippocampus. Decreases seizures but lost LTM.
Patient HM (Henry Molaison)
MEMORY IN BRAIN:
Musician who had viral encephalitis damaged medial temporal lobe, hippocampus and amygdala. Memory is between 30 seconds.
Clive Wearing
MEMORY IN BRAIN:
Motorbike incident damaged his parietal lobe and reduced his digit span. Impaired STM while LTM is intact.
K.F. (K
MEMORY IN BRAIN:
The idea that STM and LTM are mediated by different mechanisms, which can act independently.
Double dissociation
_______________ __________ include both episodic and semantic components.
Autobiographical memories
____________ memory or _______ memory is responsible how people with amnesia are able to learn new skills although they do not remember learning them.
Procedural memory or skill memory
_________________ is important in forming new long-term memories. It is also involved in holding novel information.
Hippocampus
Increases about 60-65 years then declines at a much slower rate
Semantic memory
Shows little change from early to late adulthood
Implicit or non-declarative memory
Deteriorates rapidly in age, stable between 35-60 years then deteriorates quickly
Episodic memory
Based on the idea that recollection is associated with episodic memory and familiarity is associated with semantic memory.
Remember/Know Procedure
Loss of episodic detail for memories of long-ago events
Semanticization of remote memories
TRUE OR FALSE:
There is a link between the ability to remember the past and the ability to imagine the future.
True.
TRUE OR FALSE:
According to Addis et al. (2007), the main role of episodic memory is to remember the past.
False. The main role of episodic memory is to enable people to simulate possible future scenarios in order to help anticipate future needs and guide future behavior.
Both _________ memory and _________ memory need to be functioning in order for us to think about the personal future.
Episodic and semantic memory
