WEEK 4: Short-Term Memory Flashcards
IDENTIFICATION:
The process involved in retaining, retrieving, and using information about stimuli, images, events, ideas and skills after the original information is no longer present.
Memory
IDENTIFICATION: 3 Types of Memory
An initial stage that hold all incoming for seconds or fractions of a second.
Sensory Memory (SM)
IDENTIFICATION: 3 Types of Memory
Holds five to seven items for about 15 to 20 seconds.
Short Term Memory (STM)
IDENTIFICATION: 3 Types of Memory
It can hold a large amount of information for years or even decades.
Long Term Memory (LTM)
IDENTIFICATION: Sensory Memory
Brief sensory memory for visual stimuli (duration is less than one second)
Iconic Memory
IDENTIFICATION: Sensory Memory
Brief Sensory Memory for auditory stimuli (duration is about 2-4 seconds)
Echoic Memory
IDENTIFICATION: Sensory Memory
Brief Sensory Memory for touch stimuli (duration is about 2 seconds)
Haptic Memory
IDENTIFICATION:
The continued perception of a visual stimulus even after it is no longer present (last for only a fraction of a second)
Persistence of Vision
IDENTIFICATION:
Responsible for everything we think about or know at a particular moment in time.
Short Term Memory
IDENTIFICATION: Short Term Memory
Interference that occurs when information that was learned previously interferes with learning new information
Proactive Interference
IDENTIFICATION: Short Term Memory
Occurs when new learning interferes with remembering old learning.
Retroactive Interference
IDENTIFICATION:
Number of digits a person can remember
Digit Span
IDENTIFICATION:
Enables the limited-capacity STM system to deal
with the large amount of information involved in
many of the tasks we perform everyday.
Chunking
IDENTIFICATION:
Uses procedures with visual items that cannot be verbalized.
Change Detection
IDENTIFICATION:
Limited-capacity system for temporary storage and manipulation of information for complex tasks such as comprehension, learning and reasoning.
Working Memory
IDENTIFICATION:
System specialized for the treatment of verbal material
and language
Phonological Loop
IDENTIFICATION: Phonological Loop
Refers to the confusion of letters or words that sound similar.
Phonological Similarity Effect
IDENTIFICATION: Phonological Loop
Refers to the observation that our memory for lists of words is better for short words than for long words.
Word Length Effect
IDENTIFICATION: Phonological Loop
The repetition of an irrelevant sound reduces memory because speaking interferes with rehearsal.
Articulatory Suppression
IDENTIFICATION:
Handles visual and spatial information and is therefore involved it the process of visual imagery – the creation of visual images in the mind in the absence of a physical visual stimulus.
Visuospatial Sketch Pad
IDENTIFICATION:
The component that makes working
memory work.
Central Executive
IDENTIFICATION:
stores information providing extra capacity and is connected to LTM thereby making interchange between working memory and LTM possible.
Episodic Buffer
IDENTIFICATION:
Uses procedures with visual items that cannot be verbalized.
Change Detection
IDENTIFICATION:
Participants are required to perform a series of simple arithmetic operations and indicate whether the given answer is correct.
Operation Span
IDENTIFICATION:
He is known for his research on memory and for developing the three-component model of working memory.
Alan David Baddeley
IDENTIFICATION:
has a limited capacity and holds information for only a few seconds.
Phonological Store
1.
IDENTIFICATION:
Responsible for rehearsal that can keep items in the phonological store from decaying.
Articulatory Rehearsal Process
IDENTIFICATION:
What is the important characteristic of working memory tasks?
Involves delay or waiting
TRUE OR FALSE:
Hypothalamus is important for holding information for brief period of time.
FALSE; prefrontal cortex
TRUE OR FALSE:
One way to help decrease worrying: to write about your worries before taking a test.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE:
Short Term Memory lasts to 50-60 seconds
FALSE; it lasts 15 to 20 seconds or less
IDENTIFICATION:
Memory vanish because of (____???)
DECAY
TRUE OR FALSE:
Working Memory is responsible for everything we think about or know at a particular moment in time.
FALSE; it is Short-Term Memory
TRUE OR FALSE:
The upper limit for STM Capacity is about 10-15 items
FALSE; is about 3-4 items
TRUE OR FALSE:
You are using your visuospatial sketch pad when you form a picture in your mind or do tasks like solving a puzzle or finding your way around the campus.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE:
STM is concerned mainly with strong information for a brief period of time
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE:
Working Memory is concerned with the manipulation of information that occurs during complex cognition.
TRUE
