Week 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology Flashcards
IDENTIFICATION:
The branch of Psychology concerned with the scientific study of the mind.
Cognitive Psychology
IDENTIFICATION:
Creates and controls mental functions such as perception, attention, memory, emotions, language, deciding, thinking and reasoning.
The Mind
IDENTIFICATION:
Dutch physiologist who did one of the 1st Cognitive Psychology Experiment
Franciscus Donders
IDENTIFICATION:
How long does it takes to respond to presentation of a stimulus
Reaction Time
IDENTIFICATION: Kind of Reaction Time
Donders asks his participants to push a button as rapidly as possible when they saw a light go on.
Simple Reaction Time
IDENTIFICATION: Kind of Reaction Time
Donders used two lights and asked his participants to push the left button (J Key) when they saw the left light go on, and the right button (K key) when they saw the right light go on.
Choice Reaction Time
IDENTIFICATION:
He measures REACTION TIME
Franciscus Donders
TRUE OR FALSE:
Mental responses were directly measured but the behavior was inferred from the reaction time
FALSE; Mental Responses were not directly measured**
IDENTIFICATION:
He is a German physiologist & psychologist who founded the 1st laboratory of scientific psychology at the University of Leipzig, Germany
Wilhelm Wundt
IDENTIFICATION:
The overall experience which is determined by combining basic elements of experience which were called sensations.
Structuralism
Periodic table of the mind that includes all basic sensations involved in creating complex experiences using (___________)
Analytic Introspection
IDENTIFICATION:
Technique in which trained participants described their sensations, feelings, and thought processes in response to stimuli
Analytic Introspection
TRUE OR FALSE:
Wundt emphasized the pivotal role of experiments in gaining knowledge about the human mind
TRUE
IDENTIFICATION:
German psychologist who measures the properties of the mind (memory and forgetting)
Herman Ebbinghaus
IDENTIFICATION:
American Psychologist; author of the First Psychology Textbook: The Principles of Psychology
William James
IDENTIFICATION:
American Psychologist who proposed BEHAVIORISM
John B. Watson
IDENTIFICATION:
Provided another tool in studying the stimulus and response which is OPERANT CONDITIONING.
B.F. Skinner
IDENTIFICATION:
Focuses on how behavior is strengthened by the presentation of positive reinforcers or negative reinforcers.
Operant Conditioning
IDENTIFICATION:
used rat maze that eventually led to the discovery of Latent Learning and Cognitive Maps
Edward Tolman
IDENTIFICATION:
A type of learning that you do not use if every time, which is not apparent in the learner’s behavior at the time of learning, but which manifests later when a suitable motivation and circumstances appear.
Latent Learning
IDENTIFICATION:
American Linguistic; contradicted B.F. Skinner in saying that children learn language through operant conditioning.
Noah Chomsky
1.
IDENTIFICATION:
A shift in Psychology from the behaviorist’s stimulus-response relationship to the understanding of the operations of the mind.
Cognitive Revolution
IDENTIFICATION:
Professor in Mathematics was one of the first to coin the term “Artificial Intelligence”
John McCarthy
IDENTIFICATION:
Often referred to as the “Father of Cognitive Psychology”
Ulrich Neisser
TRUE OR FALSE:
Cognitive Psychology accepts the existence of unobserved (cognitive) processes that can be scientifically studied via the creation and evaluation of mental models.
TRUE
IDENTIFICATION:
A program that create proofs of mathematical theorems that involved principles of logic by Dartmouth (1956)
Logic Theorist
TRUE OR FALSE:
In his memory experiments, Herman Ebbinghaus created 2,500 nonsense syllables to avoid the use of association, all three letters long and using the standard word format of consonant-vowel-consonant.
FALSE; Ebbinghaus created 2,300 nonsense syllables
IDENTIFICATION:
Information was processed in stages “input processors” stored in “memory unit”, processed by “arithmetic unit” that creates computer’s output.
Flow Diagrams
TRUE OR FALSE:
According to Chomsky, language is a product of the way the mind is constructed rather than a result of reinforcement.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE:
In 1953, IBM introduced computer available to the public and it was used in university research laboratories to analyze data and suggest a new way of thinking about the mind.
FALSE; it was in 1954
