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Kinesiology > Week 6 > Flashcards

Week 6 Flashcards

1
Q

How many articulating vertebrae?

A

24

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2
Q

How many curves in the spine?

A

4 total

3 movable

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3
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves?

A

31

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4
Q

Abdominal muscles

A

Some sections linked by fascia and tendinous bands

Do not attach from bone to bone

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5
Q

Many small intrinsic muscles act on head, vertebral column, and thorax. What do they do?

A

Assist in spinal stabilization or respiration.

Too deep to palpate.

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6
Q

How many total vertebrae?

A

24 articulating

9 fused

7 cervical

12 thoracic

5 lumbar

5 sacrum

4 coccyx

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7
Q

What are C1 and C2 called?

A

Atlas and Axis

Shapes allow for extensive rotary movements of head to side, as well as flexion/extension

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8
Q

3 normal curves within movable spine (4 total)

A

Thoracic spine curves anteriorly

Cervical and lumbar spine curve posteriorly

Spinal curves enable it to absorb blows and shock

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9
Q

How do vertebrae change in size?

A

Increase in size (diameter from cervical to lumbar due to lower back having to support more weight

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10
Q

Bony landmarks of spine

A

Spinous process

Transverse process

Body

Odontoid process/dens (on axis or C2)

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11
Q

Atlas

A

first cervical vertebra

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12
Q

Axis

A

Second cervical vertebra, has dens (odontoid process)

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13
Q

STUDY PICTURES OF DIFFERENCES IN STRUCTURE BETWEEN DIFFERENT TYPES OF VERTEBRAE

A

:)

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14
Q

Lordosis

A

increased posterior curvature of lumbar (and often cervical) vertebrae

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15
Q

Kyphosis

A

increased anterior curvature of thoracic vertebrae

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16
Q

Lumbar kyphosis

A

reduction of normal lordotic curve, resulting in a flat-back appearance

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17
Q

Scoliosis

A

lateral curvatures or sideward deviations of spine

18
Q

How many ribs?

A

7 True (vertebrosternal)

3 False (between sternal and floating, vertebrochondral)

2 Floating (at very bottom)

Costal cartilage

19
Q

All ribs attached posteriorly to…

A

Thoracic vertebrae

20
Q

Landmarks of the Sternum

A

Manubrium, body of sternum, and xiphoid process

21
Q

Where does most movement in the spine occur?

A

In Cervical and lumbar.

Some slight thoracic movement

22
Q

Movements of head

A

Movement between cranium and 1st cervical within other cervical vetebrae

Referred to as cervical movements

23
Q

Trunk movements

A

Lumbar motion terminology describes combined motion in thoracic and lumbar

24
Q

Cervical region ROM

A

Flexes 45 degrees
Extends 45 degrees
Laterally flexes 45 degrees
Rotates approximately 60 degrees

25
Q

Lumbar region including trunk movement ROM

A

Flexes approximately 80 degrees
Extends 20 to 30 degrees
Lateral flexion to 35 degrees
Rotation approximately 45 degrees

26
Q

Movements

A

Spinal movements are often preceded by the name given to the region of movement.

Ex. Flexion of trunk at lumbar spine is known as lumbar flexion, and extension of neck is cervical flexion

Pelvic girdle rotates as a unit due to movement occurring in hip and lumbar spine

27
Q

Spinal flexion

A

Anterior movement of spine.

In cervical region, the head moves toward chest.

In lumbar region, the thorax moves toward pelvis.

28
Q

Spinal extension

A

Return from flexion or posterior movement of spine.

In cervical spine, head moves away from the chest, thorax moves away from pelvis

29
Q

Lateral flexion (left or right)

A

sometimes referred to as side bending. Head moves laterally toward the shoulder, thorax moves laterally toward pelvis

30
Q

Reduction

A

Return movement from lateral flexion to neutral

31
Q

Spinal rotation (left of right)

A

Rotary movement of spine in horizontal plane, chin rotates from neutral toward shoulder, thorax rotates to one side

32
Q

Which posterior muscles of the thorax are involved almost entirely in respiration?

A

Diaphragm

  • responsible for breathing during quiet rest
  • as it contracts and flattens, thoracic volume is increased and air is inspired to equalize the pressure.
  • When larger amounts of air are needed, as in exercise, other thoracic muscles have a more significant role in inspiration
33
Q

Other thoracic muscles’ role in inspiration

A
  • Scalene muscles elevate first 2 ribs to increase thoracic volume
  • external intercostals further expand the chest
  • levator costarum and serratus posterior - inspiration
  • Internal intercostals, transversus thoracis, and subcostales contract to force expiration
34
Q

Atlantooccipital joint

A
  • Formed by occipital condyles of skull sitting on articular fossa of the 1st vertebra
  • Allows capital flexion and extension
35
Q

Atlantoaxial joint

A

Atlas (C1) sits on Axis (C2)

Most cervical rotation occurs here

Trochoid or pivot type joint

Most movable joint of any two vertebrae

36
Q

Minimal movement between any two vertebrae (except antlantoaxial joint)

A
  • cumulative effect of combined movement from several vertebrae allows for substantial movments
  • gliding movement between superior and inferior articular processes of facets joints
37
Q

Vertebral movments

A

Flexion

Extension

Lateral Bending

Rotation

38
Q

Intervetrebral discs

A
  • Between and adhering to articular cartilage of vertebral bodies
  • annulus fibrosus- outer rim of dense fibrocartilage
  • Nucleus pulposus- central gelatinous, pulpy substance
  • Become less resilient with age, injury, or imporper use, resulting in a weakened annulus fibrosus
39
Q

What do intervertebral discs do?

A

Bear and distribute load

Mobility

40
Q

Nucleus pulposus

A
  • 80 to 90% water

- Compressive forces reduce water content and shorten the column about 15 to 25 mm/day

41
Q

Herniated Disc

A
  • When the cartilaginous discs are damaged from an injury, normal wear and tear, or disease, they may bulge abnormally or break open.
  • If the herniated disc presses on a nerve root, it may cause pain, numbness, or tingling

Kinesiology (12 decks)

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