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Kinesiology > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Humerus articulates with

A

The scapula at the shoulder and the radius and ulna at the elbow

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2
Q

Scapular landmarks

A
  • supraspinatus fossa
  • infraspinatus fossa
  • spine of scapula
  • glenoid cavity
  • inferior angle
  • superior angle
  • medial border
  • lateral border
  • subscapular fossa
  • coracoid process
  • acromion process
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3
Q

Humeral landmarks

A
  • Head
  • greater tubercle
  • lesser tubercle
  • deltoid tuberosity
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4
Q

Which joint has the greatest ROM?

A

Glenohumeral joint

Has a significant amount of laxity

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5
Q

How big is the glenoid fossa compared to the humeral head?

A

Glenoid fossa is 1/4 the size of the humeral head

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6
Q

Glenoid Labrum

A

Cartilaginous ring that increases the contact area of the glenoid fossa to 70%

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7
Q

Glenohumeral joint problems

A

The price of mobility is reduced stability

  • instability problems are common
  • Rotator cuff impingement
  • Subluxations and dislocations
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8
Q

Supporting structures of the glenohumeral joint

A
  • Glenohumeral ligament

- Coracohumeral ligament

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9
Q

Glenohumeral ligament

A
  • supports glenohumeral joint anteriorly and inferiorly.

- prevents anterior dislocation

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10
Q

Coracohumeral ligament

A

supports weight of arm

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11
Q

The only attachment of the shoulder girdle to the thorax is via the…

A

Clavicle

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12
Q

Which ligaments attach the shoulder girdle to the clavicle?

A
  • Anterior sternoclavicular ligament to manubrium

- Costcoclavicular ligament to first rib.

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13
Q

Clavicle and scapula joints

A
  • Sternoclavicular (SC)
  • Acromioclavicular (AC)
  • Scapulothoracic (ST) - movement of scapula on rib cage.
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14
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

Superior to GH joint

    - Bony restriction - often injured - ligament support
     - coracoclavicular ligament
     - acromioclavicular ligament (sup, inf)
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15
Q

Scapulothoracic joint (ST)

A

Depends on SC & AC joint, lacks ligament support

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16
Q

Sagittal movements of the shoulder girdle

A

elevation/depression

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17
Q

Frontal movements of the shoulder girdle

A

upward rotation, downward rotation

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18
Q

Transverse movements of the shoulder girdle

A

abduction (protraction), adduction (retraction)

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19
Q

Rotator Cuff Muscles

A

SITS
Supraspinatus
-attach to greater tubercle from above (abduct)
Infraspinatus
-attach to greater tubercle posteriorly (ext. rot.)
Teres Minor
-attach to greater tubercle posteriorly (ext. rot.)
Subscapularis
-attach to lesser tubercle anteriorly (int. rot.)

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20
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Origin -medial 2/3rds of the supraspinatus fossa

Insertion- Humeral greater tubercle (superior)

Location- superior

Action- abduction

Most often injured (SITS)
-throwing, swimming

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21
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Origin- Infraspinatus fossa (posterior surface of scapula below the spine)

Insertion- Humeral greater tubercle (posterior)

Location- posterior/deep

Movements- Extension GH joint, external rotation GH joint, horizontal abduction GH joint

provides posterior stability
Most powerful external rotator
Stretch- internal rotation with extreme horizontal abduction

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22
Q

Teres Minor

A

Origin- posterior scapula, lateral border

Insertion- humeral greater tubercle (posterior)

Location- posterior

Movements- extension GH, external rotation GH, Horisontal abduction

Posterior stability

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23
Q

Subscapularis

A

Origin- entire anterior surface of subscapular fossa

Insertion- humeral lesser tubercle

location- anterior (scapula)

Movements- adduction GH, Extension GH, internal rotation GH, stabilization of humeral head in glenoid fossa

Works with latissimus dorsi and teres major (less powerful)

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24
Q

Sagittal plane movements of the shoulder

A

Flexion/extension

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25
Q

Frontal plane movements of the shoulder

A

abduction, adduction

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26
Q

Transverse plane movements of the shoulder

A

horizontal abduction/adduction

internal rotation/external rotation

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27
Q

Diagonal plane movements of the shoulder

A

diagonal abduction/adduction

28
Q

Shoulder abductors

A

Pectoralis major (upper fibers)

Deltoid (all)

Supraspinatus

29
Q

Shoulder flexors

A

Pectoralis major (upper fibers)

Anterior deltoid

Biceps brachii

30
Q

shoulder adductors

A

Pectoralis major (lower fibers)

Latissimus dorsi

Teres major

31
Q

Shoulder Extensors

A

Pectoralis major (lower fibers)

Latissimus dorsi

Teres major

Triceps brachii

32
Q

Teres Major

A

Not SITS (Teres minor is in SITS)

Origin- Inferior 1/3rd of the lateral border of scapula

Instertion- Medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus

Location- posterior

Movements- Adduction, extension, Internal rotation

Effective only when rhomboid stabilizes the scapula

Latissimus Dorsi’s little helper

33
Q

Muscles that cause External rotation at the shoulder

A

Infraspinatus

Teres Minor

34
Q

Muscles that cause internal rotation at the shoulder

A

Pectoralis major (both)

Subscapularis

Latissimus dorsi

Teres Major (resistance)

35
Q

Diagonal and horizontal adductors at the shoulder

A

Pectoralis major (both)

Coracobrachialis

Anterior deltoid

36
Q

Diagonal and horizontal abductors at the shoulder

A

Teres minor

Infraspinatus

Posterior deltoid

37
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Origin- Medial 1/2 of anterior surface of the clavicle (clavicular fibers) and anterior surface of the costal cartilages of first 6 ribs adjoining surface of the sternum

Insertion- Flat tendon 2-3 inches wide to lateral lip of intertubercular groove of the humerus.

Location- anterior

Movements-

   - Clavicular fibers- internal rotation, horizontal adduction, flexion up to 60 degrees, Adduction below 90 degrees, abduction above 90 degrees.
    - Sternal fibers- adduction, internal rotation, horizontal adduction, extension.

Use powerfully - push-ups, pull-ups, throwing, tennis serve, bench press

Stretch- External rotation of the shoulder (upper-clavicular), horizontal abduction (lower, sternal)

Works closely with deltoid (lifting)

38
Q

Anterior muscles that cause shoulder movement

A

pectoralis major

coracobrachialis

anterior deltoid

39
Q

Posterior muscles that cause shoulder movement

A

Latissimus dorsi

Teres major/minor

Infraspinatus

Subscapularis

Posterior deltoid

40
Q

Anterior deltoid

A

Origin- anterior lateral third of clavicle, lateral

Insertion- deltoid tuberosity (lateral humerus)

Location- anterior/superficial

Actions- abduction, horizontal adduction, flexion

41
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Origin- Coracoid process of the scapula

Insertion- middle of the medial border of the humeral shaft.

Location- anterior/medial

Action- adduciton GH joint, flexion GH joint, horizontal adduction

42
Q

Posterior glenohumeral muscles

A

Latissimus dorsi

Teres major

posterior deltoid

teres minor

subscapularis

infraspinatus

43
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Origin- spinous process (T6-L5), posterior crest of the ilium, sacrum

Insertion- anterior intertubercular groove of humerus

Location- posterior

Movements- adduction GH joint, Extension GH joint, internal rotation GH joint, horizontal abduction GH joint

One of the most important extensor muscles

Helps downward rotate scapula

44
Q

Posterior deltoid

A

Origin- scapular spine (inferior edge)

Insertion- deltoid tuberosity (lateral humerus)

Location- posterior/superficial

Movements (GH joint)- abduction, horizontal abduction, extension, external rotation

45
Q

superior glenohumeral muscles

A

Middle deltoid

Supraspinatus

46
Q

Middle deltoid

A

Origin- lateral aspect of the acromion process

Insertion- deltoid tuberosity (lateral humerus)

Location- superior/superficial

Movements- abduction GH joint

47
Q

Strongest GH muscles

A

Adductors, extensors

48
Q

Middle-strength GH muscles

A

flexors, abductors

49
Q

weakest GH muscles

A

internal and external rotators

50
Q

Sagittal plane flexors

A

pec(upper), ant. deltoid

51
Q

sagittal plane extensors

A

pec(lower), lats, teres maj, triceps (ant and post)

52
Q

frontal plane abductors

A

Pec (upper), deltoid, supraspin (and and post and sup)

53
Q

frontal plane adductors

A

pec (lower), lats, teres maj (ant and post)

54
Q

Transverse plane internal rotators

A

pecs, subscap, lats, teres maj (ant and post)

55
Q

Transverse plane external rotators

A

teres min, infraspinatus (post)

56
Q

Transverse plane horizontal abductors (diag)

A

Teres min, infraspin, post deltoid (post)

57
Q

Transverse plane horizontal adductors (diag)

A

Pecs, coracobrach, ant delt (ant/sup)

58
Q

Muscles that cause flexion in the sagittal plane

A

pectoralis major (clavicular fibers)

coracobrachialis

anterior deltoid

59
Q

Muscles that cause extension in the sagittal plane

A

Latissimus dorsi

posterior deltoid

teres major

teres minor

subscapularis

pectoralis major (sternal fibers)

60
Q

Muscles that cause abduction in the frontal plane

A

Pectoralis major (clavicular fibers above 90 degrees)

deltoid

supraspinatus

infraspinatus (upper fibers)

61
Q

muscles that cause adduction in the frontal plane

A

pectoralis major (sternal fibers)

latissimus dorsi

teres major

coracobrachialis

teres minor

subscapularis

infraspinatus (lower fibers)

62
Q

muscles that cause external rotation in the transverse plane

A

infraspinatus

teres minor

posterior deltoid

63
Q

muscles that cause internal rotation in the transverse plane

A

pectoralis major

subscapularis

latissimus dorsi

teres major

anterior deltoid

64
Q

muscles that cause horizontal abduction in the transverse plane

A

posterior deltoid

infraspinatus

teres minor

latissimus dorsi

65
Q

muscles that cause horizontal adduction in the transverse plane

A

pectoralis major

coracobrachialis

anterior deltoid

Kinesiology (12 decks)

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