Week 1 Flashcards
Kinesiology
study of the principles of anatomy (active and passive structures), physiology, and mechanics in relation to human movement.
Study of motion or human movement
mid- axillary line
a line running vertically down the surface of the body passing through the apex of the axilla (armpit)
anterior axillary line
a line that is parallel to the mid-axillary line and passes through the anterior axillary skinfold
posterior axillary line
a line that is parallel to the mid-axillary line and passes through the posterior axillary skinfold
mid-clavicular line
a line running vertically down the surface of the body passing through the midpoint of the clavicle
mid-inguinal point
a point midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis
contralateral
pertaining to the opposite side
ipsilateral
on the same side
bilateral
relating to the right and left sides of the body or of a body structure such as left and right extremities
prone
lying on stomach
supine
lying face up
dorsal
relating to the back, posterior part, or upper surface of
ventral
belly or abdomen, on or toward front, anterior part
volar
either palmar or plantar
kyphosis
increased curvature of the spine outward or backward in the sagittal plane
lordosis
increased curvature of the spine inward or forward in the sagittal plane
scoliosis
lateral curving of the spine
plane that divides right and left side
sagittal
plane that divides anterior from posterior half
frontal
plane that divides superior from inferior half
transverse or horizontal
mediolateral axis
same orientation as frontal plane of motion and runs from side to side at a right angle to the sagittal plane of motion
commonly includes flexion, extension movements
anteroposterior axis
same orientation as sagittal plane of motion and runs from front to back at a right angle to frontal plane of motion
commonly includes abduction, adduction movements
longitudinal axis
runs straight down through top of head and is at a right angle to transverse plane
runs superior/inferior
commonly includes internal rotation, external rotation movements
diagonal or oblique axis
runs perpendicular to diagonal plane
flexion
results in decrease of joint angle
usually in sagittal plane
extension
results in increase of joint angle
usually in sagittal plane
circumduction
circular movement of a limb that delineates an arc or cone.
combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
external rotation
rotary movement around longitudinal axis of a bone away from the midline of the body
typically occurs in transverse plane
ankle and foot (subtalar and transverse tarsal) Eversion
turning of sole of foot outward or laterally
ex: standing with weight on inner edge of foot
ankle and foot Inversion
turning sole of foot inward or medially
ex: standing with weight on outer edge of foot
ankle and foot dorsiflexion
flexion movement of ankle that results in top of foot moving toward anterior tibia
ankle and foot plantar flexion
extension movement of ankle that results in foot moving away from body
ankle and foot pronation
combination of ankle dorsiflexion, subtalar eversion, and forefoot abduction (toe out)
ankle and foot supination
combination of ankle plantar flexion, subtalar inversion, and forefoot adduction (toe in)
radioulnar joint pronation
internally rotating radius where it lies diagonally across ulna, resulting in palm-down position of forearm
radioulnar joint supination
externally rotating radius where it lies parallel to ulna, resulting in palm-up position of forearm
shoulder depression
inferior movement of shoulder girdle
returning to normal position from a shoulder shrug
shoulder elevation
superior movement of shoulder girdle
shrugging
shoulder protraction
forward movement of shoulder girdle away from the spine
abduction of the scapula
shoulder retraction
backward movement of shoulder girdle toward spine
adduction of the scapula
shoulder rotation downward
rotary movement of the scapula with inferior angle of scapula moving medially and downward
shoulder rotation upward
rotary movement of scapula with inferior angle of scapula moving laterally and upward
shoulder horizontal abduction
movement of humerus in horizontal plane away from midline of the body
horizontal adduction
movement of humerus in horizontal plane toward midline of body
shoulder scaption
movement of humerus away from the body in the scapular plane. Glenohumeral abduction in a plane 30 to 45 degrees between the sagittal and frontal planes.
lateral flexion of spine
side beding. movement of head and or trunk laterally away from the midline
abduction of spine
reduction of spine
return of spinal column to anatomic position from lateral flexion
adduction of spine
palmar flexion
flexion movement of wrist with volar side of hand moving toward anterior side of forearm
dorsal flexion of hand
extension movement of wrist in the sagittal plane with dorsal or posterior side of hand moving toward posterior side of forearm
radial flexion of wrist and hand (radial deviation)
abduction movement at wrist of thumb side of hand toward forearm
ulnar flexion of wrist and hand (ulnar deviation)
adduction movement at wrist of little finger side of hand toward forearm
opposition of the thumb
diagonal movement of thumb across palmar surface of hand to make contact with the hand and/or fingers
reposition of the thumb
diagonal movement of the thumb as it returns to the anatomical position from opposition with the hand and/or fingers
