Week 6 Flashcards
Why were the Successor Kingdoms beneficial for Rome?
- They were so divided that Rome could deal with one at a time
- They had a lot of infighting that Rome could take advantage of
Which was the first successor kingdom the Romans fought against?
Antigonid Kingdom
Who was king of the Antigonids during the Punic War Era?
Philip V
What caused the Illyrian War?
Illyrian piracy disturbing Roman shipping
What is the difference between empire and hegemony?
- Empire is direct control over foreign states
- Hegemony is composed of protectorates and states you fully influence
Why did the Romans fight Philip V in the First Macedonian War?
Because he had allied himself with Hannibal
Why? Hannibal promised him Illyria
What caused the Second Macedonian War?
- Kingdom of Pergamon asked Rome for help because Philip V was advancing east against Antiochus III
What general did the Romans send to deal with Philip V in the Second Macedonian War?
Titus Quintus Flaminius
At which battle did Flaminius destroy Philip V of Macedon?
Cynosephalae, 197 BC
How did Flaminius defeat Philip’s army?
- The battle was fought on rougher terrain
- So, the Roman maniples prevailed over the sarissa phalanx, which required flat open space to operate
Why was Rome considered as the saviour of the Greeks after the Second Macedonian War?
- Because they had defeated and shrunk Macedon and rallied the Greek city states
Who did the Romans fight after dealing with Philip V?
Antiochus III
Whose court did Hannibal flee to?
Antiochus III
Why did the Romans fight Antiochus III?
Antiochus decided to sweep up the Greek city states instead of taking Hannibal’s advice to rally with the other Hellenistic states
What was the main battle from Rome’s war with Antiochus III?
Thermopylae
What caused the 3rd Macedonian War?
- Romans grew weary of Philip Vs son, King Perseus of Antigonid
- Younger Roman senators wanted to send lying envoys to agree on peace with Perseus, only to buy time for Roman preparation to catch him unaware with an invasion
- Older Senators saw this as a degradation in Roman morals
- Younger Senators prevailed, thus setting this plan forth
Who was sent to fight Perseus of Antigonid?
Paulus
At which battle are the Macedonians under Perseus of Antigonid destroyed by Paulus?
Battle of Pydna, 168 BC
What omen did Paulus receive on the eve of the Battle of Pydna?
- A Lunar Eclipse, which prophesized the downfall of a king
__________ had a massive, 3 day long triumph, introducing vast spoils and Greek art to Rome.
Paulus
How did Romans become acquainted and appreciative of Greek art?
War and looting
What caused the 4th, and final, Macedonian War?
A man named Adriscus claimed to be Perseus’ son and revolted
(it failed miserably)
Who were the first overseas allies of Rome?
The Aetolians
During the 3rd Macedonian War, what innocent neutral city did Rome sack simply for its wealth?
Epirus
What was Rome’s purge of the Aetolian League?
- Despite being Rome’s first overseas allies, the Romans deported 1000 Aetolian citizens to Italy, for fear of Macedonian sympathies
What famous historian was a part of the Aetolian refugees to Italy during the purge?
Polybius
What did the Romans do to force Antiochus IV to withdraw from Egypt?
Linus drew a circle in the dirt around Antiochus, ordering him that he may not leave the circle until he withdrawals from Egypt
- This showed that the Romans now had a say and control in other people’s policies on top of their own
Which Roman writer was furious about the degradation of Roman values from plundered luxuries?
Cato the Elder
Who wrote the first history in Latin?
Cato the Elder
Define: Delemda est Carthago
“Carthage must be destroyed”
Said at the end of Cato the Elder’s famous speech urging the Third Punic War
How did Cato the Elder persuade the Senate that Carthage had not been punished sufficiently after the Second Punic War?
- He brought in fresh Carthaginian figs to show the Senate just how well Carthage was doing
What demands did Rome give to Carthage at the onset of the Third Punic War?
- Disband the Carthaginian army (Hasdrubal complies)
- Flee Carthage and cease any Mediterranean influence (Carthage had no choice but to fight)
True or False: The Siege of Carthage was one of the worst disasters of extermination in Roman history.
TRUE
What 3 reasons caused the Romans to switch from defensive foreign policy to offensive?
- Senatorial Ambition and Personal Glory
- Senatorial Greed and Fortune
- Non-Senatorial Business Interests
True or False: In 218 BC, a law was passed stating that senators and their sons could NOT be involved in overseas commerce.
TRUE
Why? –> Because they would have ulterior business motives in declaring war
Name the city: The Romans sacked it mercilessly, enslaved its citizens, leaving only the Temple of Apollo standing in 146 BC.
Corinth
In what year was Carthage sacked?
146 BC
In what year do Romans secure complete power in the west?
146 BC
In what year do internal struggles in Rome begin?
146 BC
