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Roman Republic > Week 10 > Flashcards

Week 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What were the symbols of Caesar’s assassins and conspirators?

A
  • Pugio dagger
  • Red felt Phrygian cap (the symbol of liberty)
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2
Q

What was the result of the senate meeting convened after Caesar’s assassination?

A
  • Cesareans could keep the titles and honours Caesar gave them
  • Caesar given a public funeral
  • BUT, amnesty is given to the assassins
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3
Q

Who riled up the mob against the assassins after amnesty was given?

A

Marc Antony

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4
Q

Who succeeds Caesar in his will?

A
  • Octavian (his posthumously adopted great nephew)
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5
Q

Where was Octavian when Caesar was assassinated?

A

Studying in Greece

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6
Q

What rivalry developed after Caesar’s assassination?

A

Octavian VS. Marc Antony

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7
Q

Instead of fighting each other, Marc Antony and Octavian joined together to fight their common enemies: ____________ and _____________.

A

Brutus and Catius (The assassins)

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8
Q

As the two armies met at Mutina, where they famously refused to fight, what was created?

A

The Second Triumvirate

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9
Q

Who formed the Second Triumvirate?

A
  • Octavian
  • Marc Antony
  • Lepidus
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10
Q

What is the main goal of the Second Triumvirate?

A

Clean things up, and bring the assassins back to Rome

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11
Q

What power did the Senate give to the Second Triumvirate?

A

Senate allowed them each to have the powers of a dictator for 5 years

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12
Q

What was the main difference between the First and Second Triumvirate?

A
  • First Triumvirate was a SECRET agreement
  • Second Triumvirate was an OFFICIAL PUBLICLY ACCEPTED agreement
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13
Q

Who was the most famous figure killed by the proscription lists of the Second Triumvirate?

A

Cicero

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14
Q

How did the Second Triumvirate get money?

A
  • Through confiscation of wealthy proscription victims’ land and wealth

AND

→ Passed a law that the 1400 richest women had to get their property evaluated and give money to the war effort of the Triumvirate
→ Many wealthy women showed up to the forum, vowing against the payments, since they could not get positions or any benefit from the wars
→ This protest resulted in the Triumvirs only evaluated the 300 richest women

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15
Q

List the geographical power balance of the Second Triumvirate:

A

Lepidus→ West
Octavian→ Africa
Antony → Gaul

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16
Q

At which battle does Octavian manage to catch and defeat Brutus and Catius, killing them both?

A

Phillipii, 42 BC

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17
Q

How does Brutus and Catius die?

A

Suicide after losing at Phillipii

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18
Q

_________ decided that if Marc Antony wouldn’t , HE would take it upon himself to fight Octavian and make Mark Antony dictator.

A

Lucius Antonius

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19
Q

How many legions did Lucius Antonius raise to fight Octavian?

A

8

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20
Q

Where did Octavian defeat Lucius Antonius?

A

Perusia

21
Q

When was the Second Triumvirate renewed?

A

37 BC

22
Q

To keep stability, __________ married Octavian’s sister, Octavia.

A

Marc Antony

23
Q

Where did Antony go when Octavian was busy dealing with Sextus in the west?

A

Egypt (where he met Cleopatra)

24
Q

Why was Octavian insulted upon hearing of Marc Antony’s affair with Cleopatra?

A
  • Because Antony had just married Octavian’s daughter, Octavia, thus breaching trust and alliance by marriage
25
Q

____________ met Antony on a golden ship.

A

Cleopatra

26
Q

At which naval battle did Octavian defeat Marc Antony and Cleopatra?

A

Actium, 31 BC

27
Q

Who committed suicide first; Cleopatra, or Antony?

A

Antony

28
Q

Who killed Caesarian (Caesar’s supposed child with Cleopatra)?

A

Marc Antony

29
Q

How many kids did Marc Antony and Cleopatra have?

A

3

30
Q

True or False: Marc Antony and Cleopatra’s children were killed by Octavian.

A

FALSE

Octavian spared them, for they were too young.

31
Q

What was seen as the easiest, bloodless conquest of the Romans?

A

Egypt

32
Q

What was Octavian’s first conquest?

A

Egypt

33
Q

What did Octavian do with all the wealth he received from conquering Egypt?

A

Rebuilt Rome

“City of brick to city of marble”

34
Q

True or False: Senators were not allowed to step foot in Egypt.

A

TRUE

35
Q

The title “Augustus” means:

A

The Revered One

36
Q

When was Octavian given the title Augustus?

A

By the Senate in 27 BC

37
Q

How long was Augustus’ rule?

A

40 years

38
Q

Instead of calling himself king, Augustus proclaimed himself:

A

Princeps

39
Q

Who said that they were simply the “First among Equals”?

A

Augustus

40
Q

True or False: Augustus was “given” the power of the Tribune of the Plebs by the Senate.

A

TRUE

41
Q

What year is seen as the beginning of the Roman Empire?

A

27 BC

42
Q

What were the 10 means of success in Rome?

A
  1. Noble Birth (ex. Claiming divine descent)
  2. Kinship Alliances (Marriage)(Ex. Mark Antony and Cleopatra)
  3. Personal Obligations (patrons/clients)(Ex. Gracchi Brothers)(Antony flaring up the populace at Caesar’s funeral)
  4. Control of Funds (extortion in provinces)
  5. Control of consulship or tribunate
  6. Control of client armies (ex. Caesar’s army, NOT the Roman army)
  7. Bribing and largess (ex. Caesar with gladiator games)
  8. Championing of popular causes
  9. Eloquence
  10. Use of violence (murder and proscription lists) (ex. Sulla, Second Triumvirate, etc)
43
Q

What are some political trends of the late Republic? (6)

A
  1. Growth of oligarchy, and eventually monarchy
  2. Importance of a few individuals/families and political connections and rivalries
  3. Rifts between nobiles/optimates AND novi homines/populares and later Caesarians vs. Republicans
  4. Problems in the provinces (unscrupulous governors, magistrates, and publicans)
  5. Interference in the affairs of the free allies
  6. Individual use of propaganda and money (ex. Spent on shows, welfare, buildings, etc.) to influence the populace
44
Q

What are some military trends of the Late Republic? (4)

A
  1. Aggression and Imperialism (ex. Expansion into Gaul and into the East)
  2. Change to professional soldiers and the growth of client armies and military tyrants
  3. Looting of enemies and abuse of allies
  4. Violence, civil strife, assassination as part of domestic policy
45
Q

What are some economic trends of the Late Republic? (4)

A
  1. Rapid accumulation of wealth causes class rifts and changed societal values
  2. Growth of slavery and it’s associated problems
  3. Growth of local businesses among senators, as well as overseas businesses among equestrians (such as publicans)
  4. Problems with overcrowding in Rome, loss of small farms in the country, and issues with food supply
46
Q

What are 3 social trends of the Late Republic?

A
  1. Erosion of old-fashioned conservative values
  2. Growing independence of women (economic, social, sexual, intellectual and political)
  3. Growth of Greek influence in literature, philosophy, and education as well as in art and architecture
47
Q

What female orator famously argued against the Triumvirate’s imposition of tax on the 1400 wealthy women?

A

Hortensia

48
Q

When was the Second Triumvirate first established?

A

November 26th

43 BC

49
Q

When did the Second Triumvirate finally expire?

A

32 BC

Roman Republic (14 decks)

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