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Roman Republic Midterm > Week 4: Severe Threats > Flashcards

Week 4: Severe Threats Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name for the senatorial priestly position accompanying the consuls?

A

Rex Sacrorum

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2
Q

Describe the Republican System:

A
  • 2 consuls
  • 1 Rex Sacrorum (on the same level of hierarchy as consuls)
  • Senate
  • Popular Assemblies
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3
Q

What were the 3 popular assemblies of the Republic?

A
  1. Comitia Centuriata
  2. Comitia Tribuna
  3. Conclilium Plebis
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4
Q

What 2 events marl the climax of Rome’s first international struggles?

A
  1. Siege of Veii
  2. Gauls taking Rome
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5
Q

How long was the siege of Veii?

A

10 years

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6
Q

I what year did the Romans finally destroy Veii?

A

396 BC

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7
Q

Who did the Romans have a mutual hatred for?

A

The Veii

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8
Q

True or False: When Rome declared war on Veii, all the other Etruscan cities rushed to help.

A

FALSE

Most Etruscan cities didn’t help Veii

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9
Q

Why was the city of Veii an attractive target for Rome?

A
  • It was the richest of Etruscan cities
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10
Q

What was one thing the Romans admired about the Etruscans?

A
  • Their close reliance and adhering to proper religious practices
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11
Q

How did the Romans finally manage to storm the city of Veii?

A

They dug a tunnel underneath the city and stormed it

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12
Q

Where did the Romans get the idea to build tunnels?

A
  • Earlier in the siege, the Romans had sent ambassadors to Delphi, where they were told that they must drain the Alban lake before resuming operations
  • So, the Romans built a tunnel to funnel the Alban lake water and get rid of the surrounding swamplands (which they knew caused diseases too)
  • This is where they learned the tunnel building technique they employed when they dug the siege tunnel underneath the city of Veii
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13
Q

When the Romans sent an ambassador to the Delphic oracle during the siege of Veii, they told Rome to _____________________.

A

Drain the Alban Lake before resuming operations

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14
Q

What did Camilius do to assure a Roman victory at Veii?

A

-He prayed a lot and vowed to host votive games if he is victorious.

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15
Q

What did the Romans do upon taking the city of Veii?

A
  • Romans destroyed the city of Veii
  • They even sacked the Temples
  • Pushed against those surrounding towns that had allied with Veii
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16
Q

Why was Camilius thrown into exile upon his return from conquering the Veii?

A
  • His triumph has four white horses and was viewed as too “kinglike”
  • The Roman people also didn’t like the extreme extent of his plundering
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17
Q

In honour of their victory over the Veii, what did the Romans give to the Shrine of Apollo at Delphi ?

A
  • A golden Krater
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18
Q

When did Gaulish migrations south begin?

A

400 BC

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19
Q

For what 2 reasons did the Gauls migrate south?

A
  1. Southern Luxuries (ex. wine, gold, etc.)
  2. Overpopulation
20
Q

What is the difference between Transalpine Gauls and Cisalpine Gauls?

A
  1. Transalpine = North of the Alps
  2. Cisalpine = South of the Alps
21
Q

Explain the hierarchy of Gallic society:

A
  1. Chieftain
  2. Druids and Bards
  3. Warriors
  4. Women
22
Q

Define: Druids

A
  • Male or Female priests/priestesses
  • They also served as moral judges
23
Q

Why did the Romans denounce the Druids?

A
  • They accused the Druids of human sacrifices
24
Q

Define: Bards

A
  • Oral storytellers and historians
25
Q

How does Livy describe the Gauls?

A
  • Hair spiked with Lime
  • Fought naked on occasion
  • They were big and tall
  • Fierce
26
Q

According to Livy, what are the Gaulish flaws?

A
  • Their uncontrolled temper
  • Their proneness to intoxication through Roman wine
27
Q

What is the Vix Krater?

A
  • A Greek made krater found buried with a Celtic noblewoman
  • What does this tell us? –> This is precisely the kind of riches the Gauls were after in southern migrations
28
Q

True or False: The Romans started very poorly in their war against the Gauls.

A

TRUE

29
Q

What initially sparked the Romano-Gaulish war?

A
  • Gauls killed Roman envoys
30
Q

What god did Camilius dedicate most gifts to?

A

Apollo

31
Q

What was the name of the Gaulish ethnic group that migrated south?

A

La Trène Culture

32
Q

What divine event is attributed as the reason why the Romans were defeated against the gods?

A
  • One day a man heard a voice from the gods stating that the Gauls are coming
  • His fellow Romans laughed at him and wrote it off
  • Was seen as disrespecting the gods
33
Q

What was the date of the First battle against the Gauls?

A

July 18th 390 BC

34
Q

What was the result of the battle of Allia against the Gauls?

A
  • Battle was right outside of Rome
  • Romans lost, and retreated into the city
  • Gauls followed and stormed the city, destroying and pillaging everything except the Capitoline Hill
  • They executed several Roman senators
35
Q

What was the only part of Rome left un-destroyed after the Gauls stormed the city?

A

Capitoline Hill

36
Q

What 2 reasons did Livy give for Roman defeat at the hands of the Gauls?

A
  1. They were not brave
  2. They ignored omens
37
Q

Describe how geese saved Rome:

A
  • One night, there was a creeping stealth attack from the Gauls about to occur on the Capitoline hill-the last Roman stronghold standing.
  • The Gauls were so silent that not even the dogs barked, and the sentry’s didn’t hear or see them
  • But, all of a sudden, a group of geese started honking, and woke up the Roman defenders, who managed to repel the attack
38
Q

Why didn’t the Gauls capitalize on the Roman defeat?

A
  • They got addicted to wine
  • They weren’t interested in taking Rome permanently
39
Q

How did Camilius pay the Gauls off?

A
  • He offered 1000 pounds of gold to the Gaul chieftain, Brennus
40
Q

How did the Gauls cheat the deal?

A
  • They brought their own scale that already weighed more than standard, thus, getting way more than 1000 pounds in gold’s worth
41
Q

What is the reaction of Brennus when confronted by the upset Romans about the unfair Gaulish scale-weight?

A

Brennus puts his sword on the scale, exclaiming, “Vae Victis!” (Woe to the Conquered!)

42
Q

What was the name of the battle in which the Gauls defeated the Romans?

A

The Battle of Allia (387 BC)

43
Q

Who convinced the Romans that they should rebuild the city on the same traditional site of Rome?

A
  • Camillus
44
Q

Who is considered the second founder of Rome?

A

Camillus

45
Q

Why is Camillus considered the second founder of Rome?

A
  • Because after the city’s destruction at the hands of the Gauls in 387 BC, he made a speech convincing the Romans to rebuild the city on its original site instead of relocating.
46
Q

What example of Cledonomancy reaffirmed Camillus’ speech to stay in Rome?

A
  • One day, a centurion was marching with his soldiers, and ordered “stop here”
  • A priest overheard it and interpreted it as a sign from the gods to remain and rebuild in Rome

Roman Republic Midterm (7 decks)

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