Week 5 Practical Flashcards
Describe the bony origins of the three conchae of the nasal cavity
Super and middle: part of ethmoid bone
Inferior: bone in its own right
What is a choana?
An opening at the back of the nasal cavity that opens into the nasopharynx.
What is a nasal vestibule
Anterior part of nasal cavity
Describe the anatomical reasons for the division of the nasal cavity into two halves by the nasal septum and each half into 4 narrow spaces by conchae.
To increase the surface area for warming, cleaning, and humidifying
What are the functions of the different types of epithelium in the nasal cavity ?
Inferior two thirds: respiratory
Superior third: olfactory (contains CN I nerve endings)
The group of blood vessels where the bony nasal septa joins the cartaliginous component is the common site of nose bleeds. What is it called?
Kiesselbach’s plexus
Is the mucosa of sinuses innervated?
Yes; that’s why you feel it when you have sinusitis.
Frontal sinus, maxillary sinus and some of the ethmoid air cells open up into the nasal cavity within the _ meatus
Within the middle nasal meatus
Which two cavities does the pharyngotympanic tube connect?
Nasal and tympanic
Describe the superioinferior boundaries of the nasopharynx and the oropharynx
Naso: Above soft palate
Oro: Soft palate to hyoid bone
What is the name of the tonsil in the posterior aspect of the nasopharynx
Pharyngeal tonsil
What is the name of the tonsil in the posterior aspect of the tongue?
Lingual tonsil
What are the tonsils that we usually think of when someone says “tonsils”?
Palatine tonsils
Which muscle connects the cricoid cartilage and the thyroid cartilage?
Cicothyroid muscle
Which muscle connects the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone?
Thyrohyoid muscle
Abduction vs adduction of vocal cords
Abductoin: separate
Adduction: bring together
What are the two horns on the posteriolateral aspect of the thyroid cartilage?
Superior and inferior
How are the superior horns of the thyroid cartilage connected to the greater horns of the hyoid bone? What is the name of the cartilages within this?
- Connected via ligament
- Cartilages are known as triticeal cartilage
What is the rima glottidis?
Opening between the two vocal cords anteriorly, and the two arytenoid cartilages posteriorly
What cartilage do the arytenoid cartilages sit on top off?
The cricoid cartilage
Intrinsic vs extrinsic laryngeal muscles
Intrinsic: Movement within the larynx
Extrinsic: movement of the entire larynx
What are the two processes of the arytenoid cartilage, and what are they connected to?
Muscular process: connected to muscle
Vocal process: connected to vocal ligaments
Explain how crycothyroid muscle contraction changes the pitch of the voice
- Contracts
- Thyrooid cartilage moves anteriorly
- Gives tension to vocal ligaments
- Increases pitch of voice (like guitar)
What happens when the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle contracts?
Pulls arytenoid muscles posteriorly and laterally. Widens rima glottidis (vocal abduction)
Which muscle opposes the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle?
Lateral cricoarytenoid muscles
What are the two types of arytenoid muscles? What do they do?
Transverse and oblique. They close the posterior rima glottidis
What happens when the vocalis muscle contracts (both in terms of vocal folds and voice pitch)?
Tension is reduced in vocal folds, the pitch of your voice decreases
What is the name of the membrane between the epiglottis and the arynteoid ligament? What is the name of the lower border of this?
- Quadrangular membrane
- Lower border is vestibular folds
None of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles is supplied by the superior laryngeal nerve EXCEPT:
Cricothyroid
