Week 5 Practical

Question 1

Describe the bony origins of the three conchae of the nasal cavity

Answer 1

Super and middle: part of ethmoid bone
Inferior: bone in its own right

Question 2

What is a choana?

Answer 2

An opening at the back of the nasal cavity that opens into the nasopharynx.

Question 3

What is a nasal vestibule

Answer 3

Anterior part of nasal cavity

Question 4

Describe the anatomical reasons for the division of the nasal cavity into two halves by the nasal septum and each half into 4 narrow spaces by conchae.

Answer 4

To increase the surface area for warming, cleaning, and humidifying

Question 5

What are the functions of the different types of epithelium in the nasal cavity ?

Answer 5

Inferior two thirds: respiratory
Superior third: olfactory (contains CN I nerve endings)

Question 6

The group of blood vessels where the bony nasal septa joins the cartaliginous component is the common site of nose bleeds. What is it called?

Answer 6

Kiesselbach’s plexus

Question 7

Is the mucosa of sinuses innervated?

Answer 7

Yes; that’s why you feel it when you have sinusitis.

Question 8

Frontal sinus, maxillary sinus and some of the ethmoid air cells open up into the nasal cavity within the _ meatus

Answer 8

Within the middle nasal meatus

Question 9

Which two cavities does the pharyngotympanic tube connect?

Answer 9

Nasal and tympanic

Question 10

Describe the superioinferior boundaries of the nasopharynx and the oropharynx

Answer 10

Naso: Above soft palate
Oro: Soft palate to hyoid bone

Question 11

What is the name of the tonsil in the posterior aspect of the nasopharynx

Answer 11

Pharyngeal tonsil

Question 12

What is the name of the tonsil in the posterior aspect of the tongue?

Answer 12

Lingual tonsil

Question 13

What are the tonsils that we usually think of when someone says “tonsils”?

Answer 13

Palatine tonsils

Question 14

Which muscle connects the cricoid cartilage and the thyroid cartilage?

Answer 14

Cicothyroid muscle

Question 15

Which muscle connects the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone?

Answer 15

Thyrohyoid muscle

Question 16

Abduction vs adduction of vocal cords

Answer 16

Abductoin: separate
Adduction: bring together

Question 17

What are the two horns on the posteriolateral aspect of the thyroid cartilage?

Answer 17

Superior and inferior

Question 18

How are the superior horns of the thyroid cartilage connected to the greater horns of the hyoid bone? What is the name of the cartilages within this?

Answer 18

• Connected via ligament
• Cartilages are known as triticeal cartilage

Question 19

What is the rima glottidis?

Answer 19

Opening between the two vocal cords anteriorly, and the two arytenoid cartilages posteriorly

Question 20

What cartilage do the arytenoid cartilages sit on top off?

Answer 20

The cricoid cartilage

Question 21

Intrinsic vs extrinsic laryngeal muscles

Answer 21

Intrinsic: Movement within the larynx
Extrinsic: movement of the entire larynx

Question 22

What are the two processes of the arytenoid cartilage, and what are they connected to?

Answer 22

Muscular process: connected to muscle
Vocal process: connected to vocal ligaments

Question 23

Explain how crycothyroid muscle contraction changes the pitch of the voice

Answer 23

• Contracts
• Thyrooid cartilage moves anteriorly
• Gives tension to vocal ligaments
• Increases pitch of voice (like guitar)

Question 24

What happens when the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle contracts?

Answer 24

Pulls arytenoid muscles posteriorly and laterally. Widens rima glottidis (vocal abduction)

Question 25

Which muscle opposes the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle?

Answer 25

Lateral cricoarytenoid muscles

Question 26

What are the two types of arytenoid muscles? What do they do?

Answer 26

Transverse and oblique. They close the posterior rima glottidis

Question 27

What happens when the vocalis muscle contracts (both in terms of vocal folds and voice pitch)?

Answer 27

Tension is reduced in vocal folds, the pitch of your voice decreases

Question 28

What is the name of the membrane between the epiglottis and the arynteoid ligament? What is the name of the lower border of this?

Answer 28

• Quadrangular membrane
• Lower border is vestibular folds

Question 29

None of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles is supplied by the superior laryngeal nerve EXCEPT:

Answer 29

Cricothyroid