H&S: Definitive Collection Flashcards
How long after Strep A infection can ARF develop?
2-3 weeks
Correlation between country income and RHD incidence
Inverse (more common in poorer)
Correlation between age and RHD incidence
Inverse (more common in younger)
Is RHD more common in men or women?
Women
Are people more likely to develop RHD or ARF younger?
ARF
Are indigrenous or non-indigenous people more likley to develop ARF and RHD?
Indigenous (>60 times higher prevalence)
List three important Social Determinants of
Health for RHD
- Crowding
- Socioeconomic status
- Dwelling characteristics
Primary ARF prevention
- Antibiotics
- Develop vaccine
Secondary ARF prevention
- Improve awareness and diagnosis
- Regular antiobitcs for people at risk
Tertiary RHD prevention
- Medications
- Access to surgery
Primordial ARF/RHD prevention
- Reduction in poverty
- Improved access to healthcare
List three important Social Determinants of
Health for RHD
- Crowding
- Socioeconomic status
- Dwelling characteristics
Outline some roles of epidemiology
- Detect when/how many cases of disease
- Monitoring and surveillance
- Contribute to development of preventative programs
What percentage of all deaths in 2020 arose from CHD?
10%
What is the leading cause of death and disease burden in Australia?
CHD
Which groups are more at risk for CHD, including hospitalisation, dying, disease burden
- Indigenous people
- Remote communities
- Lower socioeconomic areas
Are men or women more likely to be hospitalised for AF?
Men
Is the DALY (disease adjusted life years) burden of AF increasing or decreasing? What are three factors contributing to this?
- It is increasing
- This is due to:
- Population growth
- Population ageing
- More AF cases
Why does improved survival rates of CVD increase AF cases?
Because people are more likely to survive longer and develop AF
Describe the risk factors for coronary heart disease
- Age
- Sex
- Hypertension
- Hypercholesterolaemia
- Smoking
- Diet
- Low HDL cholesterol
- Obesity
Risk factors for AF
- Hypertension
- Coronary heart disease
- Valvular heart disease
How does smoking affect the lungs?
Impairs the pulmonary and immune function. Impairs function, and can cause conditions such as COPD and cancer
How does smoking influence clearance rate of particles in the lungs? How?
It decreases it, by decreasing the effectiveness of the mucocilliary escalator
How does smoking increase risk of infection?
- Increasing reliance on coughing to clear infection
- Retention of particles, leading to infection
- Impairs innate immune system and prompts inflammation