Practical 1

Question 1

What is the highest point of the clavicle called?

Answer 1

Acromion (Acropolis; highest point of city)

Question 2

What is the fusion of two bones called?

Answer 2

Synostosis

Question 3

What thoracic vertebrae is the jugular notch at the level of?

Answer 3

T3

Question 4

What thoracic vertebrae is the sternal angle at the level of?

Answer 4

T4

Question 5

How many cervical vertebrae?

Answer 5

7

Question 6

How many thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 6

12

Question 7

How many lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 7

5

Question 8

How many sacral vertebrae?

Answer 8

5

Question 9

What is the name of the ribs that are connected to the sternum? What about the others?

Answer 9

True ribs; others are false

Question 10

What cavities are the lung present in?

Answer 10

Pulmonary cavity

Question 11

What is contained in the mediastinum?

Answer 11

• Heart
• Oesophagus
• Trachea
• Blood vessels
• Nerves

Question 12

What are the four subdivisions of the pleura?

Answer 12

• Cervical pleura
• Costachondral pleura
• Diaphragmatic pleura
• Mediastinal pleura

Question 13

What is the border of the superior and inferior mediastinum?

Answer 13

Sternal angle

Question 14

List some structures in the superior mediastinum?

Answer 14

• Oesophagus
• Trachea
• Vagus Nerve

Question 15

What are the three compartments of the inferior mediastinum

Answer 15

1. Anterior (anterior to pericardium, posterior to sternum)
2. Middle (Pericardium, heart, ascending aorta, main bronchi)
3. Posterior (Descending aorta, oesophagus, vagus nerves)

Question 16

What are the surface anatomical borders of the heart?

Answer 16

Right Superior: 3rd costal cartilage
Left Superior: 2nd cosal cartilage
Left Inferior: Apex (5th intercostal mid-clav)
Right Inferior: 6 costal cartilage

Question 17

Which arteries supply the first and second intercostal spaces?

Answer 17

Superior intercostal arteries

Question 18

Which arteries supply the 3rd-11th intercostal spaces?

Answer 18

Posterior and anterior intercostal arteries

Question 19

Do posterior intercostal arteries travel posterior or anterior to the sympathetic trunk?

Answer 19

Posterior

Question 20

Where do the posterior intercostal arteries branch from?

Answer 20

The thoracic aorta

Question 21

Where do the anterior intercostal arteries branch from?

Answer 21

Internal thoracic arteries

Question 22

Describe the costal notches

Answer 22

Indentations in the lateral aspect of the sternum for costal cartilage

Question 23

Head of rib

Answer 23

Lies next to vertebrae

Question 24

Neck of rib

Answer 24

Between head and tubercle

Question 25

Tubercle of rib

Answer 25

Bump between neck and body

Question 26

Angle of rib

Answer 26

On proximal rib; area of greatest bending

Question 27

Pedicle of vertebrae

Answer 27

Connects body to projections

Question 28

Vertebral foramen

Answer 28

Hole in vertebrae; allows for spinal cord

Question 29

Laminae of vertebrae

Answer 29

Provides “roof” for posterior aspect of spinal cord