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Medical Studies 1 > 10.1 Introduction to Haemopoiesis > Flashcards

10.1 Introduction to Haemopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is Haematopoiesis?

A

Formation of blood cells

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2
Q

What are the two sections of haematopoiesis?

A
  • Myelopoeisis: formation of cells in myeloid line
  • Lymphopoiesis: formation of cells in lymphoid line
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3
Q

What types of cells are in the myeloid line?

A
  • Granulocytes
  • Monocytes
  • Erythrocytes
  • Platelets
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4
Q

What types of cells are in the lymphoid line?

A
  • B cells
  • T cells
  • NK cells
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5
Q

At what point do monocytes differentiate into other cells types? What are these cell types?

A
  • Differentiate upon entering tissue
  • Can become dendritic cells or macrophages
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6
Q

Describe (and draw) the different outcomes of myelopoeisis

A
  • Haematopoietic stem cells differentiate into myeloid progenitor
  • Then, can become either:
  • Megakaryocyte (platelet)
  • Granulocytes (basophil, eosinophil, neutrophil)
  • Erythroblast (erythrocyte)
  • Monocyte
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7
Q

Describe (and draw) the different outcomes of lymphopoiesis

A
  • Haematopoietic stem cell becomes common lymphoid progenitor
  • Differentiates into B or T precursor -> cell, or NK cell
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8
Q

Are haematopoietic stem cells pluripotent or multipotent? What are the implications of this?

A
  • They are pluripotent
  • They can become non-blood cells when required
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9
Q

Are progenitor cells pluripotent or multipotent?

A

Mutlipotent (can only make myeloid OR lymphoid)

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10
Q

List the different sites of haematopoiesis throughout life

A
  • Starts in yolk sac and then liver
  • From 3-7 months: spleen
  • 7 months onward: bone marrow
  • Continues in bone marrow throughout adult life, albeit decreasing
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11
Q

What is the most common leukocyte?

A

Neutrophils

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12
Q

Blood conditions that end in “penia”; what does this indicate?

A

Low production (e.g. leukopenia)

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13
Q

Blood conditions that end in “cytosis” or “philia”; what does this indicate?

A

Overproduction (e.g. basophilia)

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14
Q

Lifespan of neutrophils? Also, describe their nuclei

A

Lifespan: 2.5 days
Nucleus: multilobed

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15
Q

Describe the nucleus, lifespan, and proportion of leukocytes of eosinophils

A
  • Bi-lobed (dumbell)
  • Lifespan: 7-12 days
  • Proportion: 1-3%
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16
Q

Lifespan/WBC proportion of monocytes

A
  • Lifespan: 2-5 days
  • Make up 1-6% of circulating WBCs
17
Q

What dye do eosinophils take up?

A

Eosin

18
Q

Lifespan of basophils, WBC proportion, and what do their granules contain?

A
  • Lifespan: 12-15 days
  • <1% of circulating WBCs
  • Granules contain inflammatory mediators: histamine, prostaglandin
19
Q

Basophil function

A

Initiation of inflammation

20
Q

Colour of granules in basophils and mast cells?

A

Blue

21
Q

Difference in location between mast cells and basophils?

A

Mast cells: In tissues
Basophils: in blood

22
Q

Are B and T cells morphologically distinct?

A

No. The only difference is what they express in their cell surface

23
Q

What are the second most common leukocytes in the blood?

A

Lymphocytes

24
Q

At what point does a CD4 T cell become a T helper cell?

A

When it starts releasing cytokines

25
Q

What influences what kind of T helper cell is produced from a CD4 T cell?

A

Which cytokines it releases

26
Q

How do we identify specific kinds of leukocytes in a stain?

A

By using cell surface markers

27
Q

What are the primary lymphoid organs? What occurs in them?

A
  • They are the bone marrow and the thymus
  • B and T cells gain their receptors
  • They undergo education, and are released into the bloodstream
28
Q

What occurs in secondary lymphoid organs?

A
  • B and T cells encounter antigen
  • They then differentiate into effector cells
29
Q

What are the secondary lymphoid organs?

A
  • Lymph nodes
  • Spleen
30
Q

Describe the transport of lymphocytes around the body in search of their antigen

A
  • Go to 2° lymphoid organ
  • Wait for a while
  • If not there, back into blood, and to another lymphoid site
31
Q

What cells are in the follicles of a lymph node’s cortex?

A

B cells

32
Q

What cells are in the paracortex of a lymph node?

A

T cells

33
Q

What separates medullary sinuses in a lymph node? What do they contain?

A
  • Medullary cords
  • They contain plasma cells
34
Q

How are antibodies released from lymph nodes into circulation?

A

Plasma cells in medullary cords release antibodies into medullary sinuses, which leave via afferent lymphatics

35
Q

Describe the action of a follicular dendritic cell. Why is this useful for B cells?

A
  • Grabs onto antigen, and doesn’t let go
  • This is useful, since B cells cannot take antigens that have been chopped up

Medical Studies 1 (90 decks)

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