1.6 Hypertension Flashcards

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1
Q

What is sytolic blood pressure?

A

The peak arterial pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction in the cardiac cycle

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2
Q

What is diastolic blood pressure?

A

The lowest arterial pressure during peak ventricular relaxation during the cardiac cycle.

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3
Q

Primary vs Secondary Hypertension…

A

Primary: No particular cause
Secondary: Particular cause

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4
Q

List some pathophysiological causes of secondary hypertension

A
  • Metabolic syndrome (resistance to insulin)
  • Renal disease
  • Adrenal imbalance (Cushing’s, hyperaldosteronism etc.)
  • Medications/non-prescribed drugs
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5
Q

Is primary or secondary hypertension more common?

A

Primary (90-95%)

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6
Q

List five complications of hypertension

A
  • Stroke
  • Retinopathy
  • Peripheral vascular disease
  • Renal failure
  • Left ventricular hypertrophy
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7
Q

What is the quantitative definition of hypertension?

A

SBP >= 140mmHg
DP >= 90mmHg
Receiving Medications for HBP

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8
Q

Is hypertension well managed at the level of public health?

A

No. Not well diagnosed, treated, and controlled. Highly preventable burden.

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9
Q

Is the prevalence of hypertension higher in older or younger people? Why?

A
  • Older
  • Cardiac tissues become stiffer and less compliant
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10
Q

Describe the clinical features of hypertension that doesn’t involve end organ damage

A
  • Largely asymptomatic
  • Very high BP (headaches, chest pain, dyspnoeae etc.)
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11
Q

Describe the end-organ damage conditions that can arise from hypertension

A
  • Coronary heart disease
  • Stroke
  • Renal impairment
  • Retinopathy
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12
Q

What is the goal of treating hypertension?

A

Reduce risk of complications, not lower BP; hypertension is only dangerous because it implies an increased probability of complications.

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13
Q

List some lifestyle factors that can decrease risk of hypertension

A
  • Decrease salt
  • Healthy diet
  • Decrease alcohol consumption
  • Weight reduction
  • Smoking cessation
  • Regular physical exercise
  • Minimise stress
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