Week 5 (part 1)

Question 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Answer 1

Genetic material of all cells, sugar phosphate backbone with nucleic acid bases and polymer of nucleotides each with a sugar phosphate and nucleic acid base

Question 2

Bases

Answer 2

Thymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine

Question 3

DNA replication

Answer 3

Separate strands then DNA polymerase uses each strand as a template to add complementary strand

Question 4

DNA polymerase

Answer 4

Works it way across the strands and brings complementary nucleotides

Question 5

Gene expression

Answer 5

DNA -> RNA -> Protein -> trait

Question 6

RNA

Answer 6

Typically single stranded, different sugar, uracil rather than thymine

Question 7

3 types of RNA

Answer 7

Messenger RNA, transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA

Question 8

Messenger RNA

Answer 8

Carries protein blueprint from DNA to ribosomes

Question 9

Transfer RNA

Answer 9

Carries amino acids to ribosomes

Question 10

Ribosomal RNA

Answer 10

With certain proteins makes up ribosomes

Question 11

Inherited diseases are caused by

Answer 11

The recessive allele

Question 12

Sex linked

Answer 12

Genes with their loci on the sex chromosomes

Question 13

X linked

Answer 13

Genes with their loci on the X chromosome

Question 14

Population genetics

Answer 14

Concerned with how common certain genotypes are in a population rather than the genotypes of specific parents and their offsprings

Question 15

The probability that any X chromosome carries an allele for red green colour blindness is 8%, what is the probability that a female can be colour blind

Answer 15

0.08 x 0.08 = 0.0064

Question 16

Transcription

Answer 16

DNA -> Coding strand -> template strand -> transcript

Question 17

Translation

Answer 17

Transcript -> polypeptide

Question 18

RNA polymerase

Answer 18

Makes RNA by reading DNA

Question 19

Three phases

Answer 19

1) initiation
2) elongation
3) termination

Question 20

Primary structure

Answer 20

The peptide sequence define at DNA level

Question 21

Secondary structure

Answer 21

The shape of a specific loci pattern of amino acids

Question 22

Tertiary structure

Answer 22

The shape of folded protein

Question 23

Quaternary structure

Answer 23

A two or more proteins which together make up a unit

Question 24

Gene regulation

Answer 24

Control of transcription is the most important mechanism in the control of gene expression

Question 25

Lac operon

Answer 25

DNA codes for certain proteins that are involved in the use of lactose

Question 26

Negative control

Answer 26

Something must be removed to allow transcription (repressors)

Question 27

Positive control

Answer 27

Something must be added to allow transcription (activators)