Week 10

Question 1

Thyroid Gland

Answer 1

Releases thyroxine, which increases metabolic rate (blood levels are controlled by negative feedback)

Question 2

Negative feedback

Answer 2

A form of regulation in which accumulation of an end product of a process slows the process

Question 3

Pancreas

Answer 3

Releases insulin which lowers blood sugar; releases glucagon which raises blood sugar

Question 4

Stimulus

Answer 4

Rising blood glucose levels/dropping blood glucose level

Question 5

Insulin

Answer 5

Beta cells of pancreas are stimulated to release insulin into the blood, body cells take up more glucose, liver takes up more glucose and stores it as glycogen

Question 6

Reproduction

Answer 6

Unicellular organisms often reproduce through cell division, may also reproduce sexually, through cell fusion followed by meiosis

Question 7

Sexual reproduction

Answer 7

Sexual organs may be present or absent, sexes separate or hermaphroditic, internal or external fertilization

Question 8

Separate sexes

Answer 8

Secondary sexual characteristics; differences between the sexes that are not directly involved in reproduction

Question 9

Human spermatogenesis

Answer 9

Pituitary releases a hormone called FSH, releases cells for spermatogenesis in the testis, another hormone released by the pituitary called LH, which causes cells in the testis to make testosterone, testosterone is part of the primary and secondary sex characteristics

Question 10

Follicle stimulating hormone

Answer 10

Pituitary > FSH > Follicle > estrogen > singles pituitary to release another hormone > LH (luteinizing hormone) > follicle (triggers ovulation) > progesterone > endometrium

Question 11

Membrane potentials

Answer 11

Unicellular organisms maintain a membrane potential, they may change their behaviour in response to changes in membrane potential

Question 12

Nervous system

Answer 12

Coordinating activities of body, sensing the environment and responding to environment

Question 13

Excitable tissue

Answer 13

Tissue made up of cells that may rapidly alter their membrane potential, muscle fibres, neurons

Question 14

Neuron

Answer 14

Nerve cell that transmits signals

Question 15

Resting potential

Answer 15

Electrochemical tension across neutron plasma membrane, inside the neuron, negative charge, high concentration of potassium ions and low concentration of sodium ions

Question 16

Action potential

Answer 16

Sodium gates open, sodium diffuses into neuron (neuron becomes +), potassium gates open (sodium gates close and lock) potassium diffuses out of the neuron (inside of neuron becomes - again) potassium gates close, sodium gates unlock

Question 17

Shwann cell

Answer 17

Wrapped around the axon of myelinated neurons

Question 18

Synapse

Answer 18

Connection between neurons

Question 19

2 types of synapses

Answer 19

Electrical synapse
Chemical synapse

Question 20

White matter

Answer 20

Myelinated axons

Question 21

Grey matter

Answer 21

Cell bodies, dendrites and Unmyelinated axons

Question 22

Cerebellum

Answer 22

Muscular coordination

Question 23

Diencephalon

Answer 23

Connections, pituitary

Question 24

Cerebrum

Answer 24

Perception, language and volition

Question 25

Central nervous system

Answer 25

Information processing

Question 26

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 26

Signal transmission

Question 27

Sensory receptors carry afferent neurons to

Answer 27

The central nervous system

Question 28

Senses

Answer 28

Initiating action potentials in response to specific stimuli