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Biology > Week 12 > Flashcards

Week 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

Innate behaviour

A

Behaviour that is developmentally fixed

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2
Q

Fixed action pattern

A

A sequence of unlearned acts directly linked to a simple stimulus, more complex signals and responses

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3
Q

Learned behaviour

A

Behaviour that is modified based on experience

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4
Q

Imprinting

A

The formation at a specific stage in life of a long lasting behavioural response

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5
Q

More complex learning

A

Spatial learning, associative learning and problem solving

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6
Q

Behaviours are part of the

A

Phenotype

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7
Q

Carrying capacity

A

The maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources

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8
Q

Competition (-/-)

A

The interaction can be detrimental to both species, members of the two species compete for a resource

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9
Q

Competitive exclusion

A

In a simple competition one species may drive the other to local extinction

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10
Q

Natural selection may favour

A

The avoidance of competition

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11
Q

Predation, herbivory, parasitism and disease (+/-)

A

The interaction is beneficial to one species and detrimental to the other

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12
Q

Predation

A

Members of one species (predators) eat members of another species

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13
Q

Parasitism

A

Member of one species (parasites) live in or on members of another species (hosts) while feeding on the hosts

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14
Q

Disease

A

Microscopic parasitism

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15
Q

Detailed explanation of predation

A

Natural selection favours traits that allow prey to avoid predators, predation may prevent a prey population from reaching its carrying capacity, predation may reduce competition among prey populations

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16
Q

Mutualism (+/+)

A

The interaction is beneficial to both species

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17
Q

Commensalism (+/0)

A

One species benefits from the interaction and the other species is unaffected by it

18
Q

Symbiosis

A

A long term intimate association of organisms of two different species

19
Q

Trophic levels

A

Primary producers are eaten by primary consumers who are eaten by secondary consumers who are eaten by tertiary consumers who are eaten by quaternary consumers

20
Q

Biotic

A

Related to living organisms

21
Q

Abiotic

A

Not related to living organisms

22
Q

Niche

A

The sum of a species use of the biotic and abiotic resources in its environment

23
Q

Biomass

A

The amount of organic matter in a group of organisms

24
Q

Primary production

A

The rate at which new biomass is generated in an ecosystem

25
Q

Nitrogen fixing bacteria

A

Critical step to the nitrogen cycle without it it doesn’t work

26
Q

Limiting nutrient

A

The nutrient that must be added to increase primary production in an ecosystem (usually nitrogen or phosphorus)

27
Q

Life

A

Response to the environment, exchange of materials with the environment, metabolism, growth and reproduction

28
Q

Viruses

A

Obligate parasites they can’t survive on their own

29
Q

What makes up a virus

A

Capsid (outside shell)
Genetic material (inside capsid)

30
Q

Capsid

A

Made out of protein (each circle on the capsid represents one protein molecule)

31
Q

Genetic material

A

Inside the capsid (in viruses some of them use DNA or RNA as their genetic material )

32
Q

Virus process

A

The capsid will allow the genetic material to get into the cell when it gets in contact with the target cell, the dna will transcribe into mRNA which translates into capsid proteins, the viral DNA keeps replicating as the DNA sees the virus DNA as normal DNA, self assembly of new virus particles keep adding up until they burst in your body

33
Q

Viroid

A

A circular RNA molecule that infects certain plants

34
Q

Prion

A

An infectious misfolded protein, this molecule tends to misfold any similar protein that it comes in contact with

35
Q

Widely accepted hypothesis about prion

A

A normal protein is misfolded (has an abnormal tertiary structure)

36
Q

Cancer

A

The cell cycle is controlled particularly in a multicellular organism, several genes are involved in various aspects of this control, a mutation in one of these genes may result in uncontrolled cell division, daughter cell inherits this uncontrolled cell division, cell tends to be unspecialized

37
Q

Benign tumour

A

The cells that are growing out of control remain in the same location

38
Q

Metastasis

A

If the cells spread in the body starting new tumours it is considered a cancer

39
Q

Why is cancer difficult to treat

A

The cancerous cells are part of the body

40
Q

Herbivory

A

Members of one species (herbivores) eat parts of plants or algae

Biology (14 decks)

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