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Biology > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Definition of science

A

Knowledge or a system of knowledge covering general truths or the operation of general laws, especially as obtained and tested through scientific method

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2
Q

Natural Science

A

Such knowledge or such a system of knowledge concerned with the physical world and its phenomena

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3
Q

Hypothesis

A

A statement of what might be true

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4
Q

Fact

A

Confirmed to such a degree that it would be reverse to withhold provisional consent

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5
Q

Theory

A

A comprehensive explanation of some aspect of nature that is supported by a vast body of evidence

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6
Q

Element

A

A substance that cannot be broken down into other kinds of substances by ordinary chemical means

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7
Q

Atom

A

The smallest unit of an element that retains all of the elements properties, the number of protons in an atom determines the elements

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8
Q

Proton

A

Mass is 1 unit, electric charge is +1 unit

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9
Q

Neutron

A

Mass is 1 unit, electric charge is 0 units

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10
Q

Electron

A

Mass is 0 units, electric charge is -1 unit

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11
Q

The number of protons in an atom determines ____

A

The element

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12
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms with the same number of protons (the same element) but different numbers of neutrons

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13
Q

Valence Shell

A

The outermost shell that contains one or more electrons

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14
Q

Covalent bond

A

A chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons

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15
Q

Molecule

A

Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonding

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16
Q

Compound

A

Molecule with two or more elements

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17
Q

Emergent properties

A

The properties of a compound are not simply a combination of the properties of its elements

18
Q

Polar Molecule

A

A molecule with an uneven distribution of electric charge

19
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

Weak attraction between polar molecules

20
Q

Ion

A

Atom or molecule with a net electric charge

21
Q

Ionic bond

A

A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions

22
Q

Homogeneous mixture

A

Components cannot be distinguished with a light microscope

23
Q

Heterogeneous mixture

A

Components can be distinguished visually

24
Q

Chemical reaction

A

The making and breaking of chemical bonds

25
Q

Enzyme

A

Makes a chemical reaction take place more easily

26
Q

Diffusion

A

The net movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

27
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane

28
Q

Acidity

A

The concentration of the hydrogen ions

29
Q

Acid (H+)

A

Substance that in water increases the concentration of hydrogen ions

30
Q

Base (OH-)

A

Substance that in water increases the concentration of hydroxide ions

31
Q

Acids and bases tend to ___

A

Neutralize each other

32
Q

Lipids (ex: fat, oil, wax)

A

Non polar, high in chemical energy

33
Q

Carbohydrates (ex: sugars, starch and cellulose)

A

Polar high in chemical energy, monosaccharides single sugar unit, disaccharides two sugar units and polysaccharides many sugar units

34
Q

Nucleic acids (ex: DNA and RNA)

A

Genes and polymer of nucleotides

35
Q

Proteins (ex: enzymes, hormones, structural proteins)

A

Folded chain of amino acids, polymer of amino acids

36
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

Have no true nucleus

37
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Have a true nucleus

38
Q

Unicellular

A

Each cell carries out all life processes

39
Q

Bacterial cells

A

No true nucleus, no endoplasmic reticulum, no Golgi apparatus, no mitochondria, no chloroplasts, no vesicles or vacuoles, no centrosome

40
Q

Animal cells

A

No cell wall, no plasmodesmata, no chloroplasts, no central vacuole

41
Q

Plant cells have a cell wall called

A

Cellulose

42
Q

Fungal cells are

A

Eukaryotic and have a cell wall named chitin

Biology (14 decks)

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