Week 4 Flashcards
Haploid
One complete set of genes, one complete set of chromosomes (Gametes are haploid)
Diploid
Two complete sets of genes, two complete sets of chromosomes (Zygotes and multicellular organisms are diploid)
Character or trait
A potential or quality in an organism
Hybrid
The offspring of two different varieties
Monohybrid cross
Studying the inheritance of a single character in hybridization experiment
P (parental generation)
Starting point for experiment
F1 (first filial generation)
Offspring of P generation
Gene
A sequence of genetic material (DNA)
Locus
The place on a chromosome where a gene is located
Allele
One form of a gene found at a particular locus
How many alleles does a haploid have
One allele at each locus
How many alleles does a diploid have
Having two alleles at each locus
Homozygous
The two alleles at a particular locus are the same
Heterozygous
The two alleles at a particular locus are different
Dominant
An allele that is fully expressed in a heterozygote
Recessive
An allele that is not expressed at all in a heterozygote
Genotype
The specific alleles that an organism has
Phenotype
The character that the organism has
Codominant
Both alleles are fully expressed in a heterozygote
Incomplete dominate
Both alleles contribute partially to the phenotype in a heterozygote
Di hybrid cross
A hybridization experiment in which the inheritance of two traits is studied
Pleiotropy
The genotype at a single locus influences more than 1 trait
Loci and alleles are found in
Chromosomes
Human sex determination
Sex chromosomes, autosomes (22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome)
Oogenesis
Making eggs in the female reproduction system
Oogonium becomes primary oocyte which becomes secondary oocyte which becomes ootid which becomes ovum
Spermatogenesis
Spermatogonium becomes primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocytes which becomes spermatids which becomes spermatozoa
