Week 5 Human Behavior Flashcards
Race, Culture
Race = physical & biological characeristics (e.g. size of nose)
Culture = Set of values, beliefs, attitudes, languages, symbols, rituals, behaviors, and customs of a group of people; learned and shared; dynamic and changing
Ethnicity = classificationof people based on national origin or culture
Patient’s explanatory model (illness story)
Asking patient what they think about your sickness
- What do you think has caused your problem?
- Why do you think it started when it did?
- What do you think your sickness does to you? How does it work?
- How bad (severe) do you think your illness is? Do you think it will last a long time, or will it be better soon?
- What kind of treatment would you like to have?
- What are the most important results you hope to get from treatment?
- What are the chief problems your illness has caused you?
- What do you fear most about your sickness?
Cultural Consciousness
Culturally Competent
Cultural Humility
Cultural Consciousness (aware of differences, limitations, disparities, and injustices)
Culturally Competent (adaptation, acceptance, expasnion of cultural knowledge)
Cultural Humble (self-reflection and self-critique to promote healthy partnersips with patients; challenge you assumptions as a provider)
LEARN model
Listen to the patient’s perception of the problem
Expalin your perception of the problem
Acknowledge and disccuss differences and similarities
Recommend treatment
Negotiate treatment
Unconscious thinking
Implicit attitudes
Bias
Unconscious thinking (Maybe the biases that are contributing to racial/ethnic disparities in health care)
Implicit attitudes (are the positive or negative thoughts or feelings, which arise due to past experiences which one is either unaware of or which one cannot attribute to an identified previous experience.)
Bias (we are affected by what we are exposed to)
Define cultural humility and describe how it relates to culturally competent care
S&C Chapter 18: Culture and Ethnicity
A life-long attitude and approach to ocultural competence that recognizes a provider’s limited knowledge of a patient’s beliefs and values, engages in self-reflection to increase awareness of personal assumptions and prejudices, and acts to redress the imbalance of power in provider-patient relationship.
Define culture bound syndromes such as Nervios, Susto, Mal de ojo, and Amok (see Table 18.2)
S&C Chapter 18: Culture and Ethnicity
Diseases that are recognized by certain ethnic groups and not others are often classified as folk illnesses or culture-bound syndrome.
Nervios = “Nerves,” a condition affecting both men and women and allowing expression of strong emotions
Susto = Illness resulting from a frightening experience; may also refer to illness due to soul loss
Mal de ojo = A look from an envious person resulting in variety of illnesses, depending on the cultural gap.
Amok = Young men feeling excessive social pressure and role conflict experience a form of hysteria.
Summarize why explanatory models are important in health care, and describe a number of ways to elicit the patient’s and family’s stories
S&C Chapter 18: Culture and Ethnicity
EM is people’s beliefs about specific illness including etiology, symptoms, physiological process, projected course, and appropriate treatment.
(Story) Please tell me the story of your illness?
(Problem) What health problems do you have and for how long?
(Impact on individual) How is this illness affecting your daily life and doing things important to you?
(Impact of the illness on the family) What changes have occurred in the family since the illness began?
Explain why it is preferable to use professionally trained interpreters rather than family members in clinical encounters
S&C Chapter 18: Culture and Ethnicity
They provide first-person verbatim translations
Summarize some causes of population differences in health care
S&C Chapter 19: Health Care in Minority and Majority Populations
Together profound effect: porverty, lack of education, race
Other
Biological factors
Economic status
Education
Access to health care services
Name the racial group with the highest infant mortality rate in the US
S&C Chapter 19: Health Care in Minority and Majority Populations
African american
List the racial group with the highest life expectancy in the US
S&C Chapter 19: Health Care in Minority and Majority Populations
80.4 years for white females
Identify the racial group with the highest rate of mortality from cancer
S&C Chapter 19: Health Care in Minority and Majority Populations
African American (all cancers)
Asian American (liver/stomach)
Indians (kidney)
Explain what accounts for differences in infant mortality, life expectancy, and cause of death among minority and majority populations
S&C Chapter 19: Health Care in Minority and Majority Populations
Income / Poverty (biggest)
Education level
Insurance status
Access to health care
Racism
Describe why minority populations in the US have a higher death rate from cancer than whites
S&C Chapter 19: Health Care in Minority and Majority Populations
Asians (stomach/liver) - chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori and hebB/C
American Indians (kideny) - smoking and obesity
