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BDS3 BAMS Anatomy > Week 5 - Facial Nerve, Parotid Region & Muscles of Facial Expression > Flashcards

Week 5 - Facial Nerve, Parotid Region & Muscles of Facial Expression Flashcards

1
Q

What is the borders of parotid bed ?

A

Zygomatic arch, lower border of mandible between SC, external acoustic meatus and masseter.

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2
Q

What is the parotid sheath ?

A

Tough fibrous capsule, derived from investing layer of deep cervical fascia.

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3
Q

What pathway does the parotid duct (Stensen’s duct) take ?

A

Anterior and horizontally, then through buccinator and into oral cavity (at upper 7s).

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4
Q

What structures are within parotid gland ?

A

Retromandibular vein, external carotid artery, parotid lymph nodes, CNVII i.e. parotid plexus of facial nerve.

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5
Q

What is the blood supply to the parotid gland ?

A

External carotid artery via posterior auricular artery.
Then splits to give superficial temporal and maxillary artery.

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6
Q

What is the venous drainage from parotid gland ? And from there where does it drain into ?

A

Maxillary and superficial temporal veins > retromandibular vein where anterior branch drains to IJV and posterior branch into EJV.

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7
Q

What cranial nerve is responsible for parasympathetic innervation of parotid gland ?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX).

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8
Q

What nerves innervate the parotid sheath and skin ?

A

Auriculotemporal nerve (branch of CNV3) and great auricular nerve (branch of cervical plexus C2 to C3).

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9
Q

Where does the nerve innervation responsible for sympathetic innervation of the parotid gland come from ?

A

Superior cervical ganglion and nerve plexus on ECA.

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10
Q

What are the boundaries of the infratemporal portion of the facial nerve ?

A

From where nerve leaves pons to exiting the skull (stylomastoid foramen).

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11
Q

What are the boundaries of the extratemporal portion of the facial nerve ?

A

From leaving the skull at stylomastoid foramen.

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12
Q

What foramina does the facial nerve exit the skull ?

A

Stylomastoid foramen.

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13
Q

What are the 5 terminal branches of the facial nerve ?

A

Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical.

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14
Q

What 2 branches does the facial nerve give off as it leaves skull via stylomastoid foramen ?

A

Posterior auricular and digastric branch.

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15
Q

What does the temporal branch of facial nerve innervate ?

A

Muscles of temple, forehead and supra-orbital area (exception - temporalis).

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16
Q

What does the zygomatic branch of facial nerve innervate ?

A

Muscles of infraorbital area, lateral nasal area and upper lip.

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17
Q

What does the buccal branch of facial nerve innervate ?

A

Muscles of cheek, upper lip and corners of the mouth.

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18
Q

What does the marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve innervate ?

A

Muscles of lower lip and chin.

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19
Q

What does the cervical branch of facial nerve innervate ?

A

Platysma.

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20
Q

What is the symptom associated with Bells Palsy ?

A

Unilateral palsy of upper and lower parts of the face.

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21
Q

What treatment can be given to treat Bells Palsy ?

A

Steroids, anti-viral medications, cover eye.

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22
Q

What muscles specifically does the facial nerve innervate ?

A

Buccinator, obicularis oris, obicularis oculi, occipitofrontalis, platysma.

23
Q

What pharyngeal arch are all the muscles of facial expression and those innervated by the facial nerve derived from ?

A

All derived from second pharyngeal arch.

24
Q

What is the origin of the frontal and occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis ?

A

Frontal belly - epicranial aponeurosis.
Occipital belly - lateral 2/3 of superior nuchal line.

25
Q

What is the insertion of the frontal and occipital belly of occipitofrontalis ?

A

Frontal belly - subcutaneous tissue of eyebrows and forehead.
Occipital belly - epicranial aponeurosis.

26
Q

What is the action of the frontal and occipital belly of occipitofrontalis ?

A

Frontal belly - wrinkle forehead and raise eyebrows.
Occipital belly - retract scalp.

27
Q

What is the innervation of the frontal and occipital belly of occipitofrontalis ?

A

Frontal belly - temporal branch of facial nerve.
Occipital belly - posterior auricular branch of facial nerve.

28
Q

What is the innervation of the obicularis oculi ?

A

Temporal and zygomatic branches of facial nerve.

29
Q

What is the action of the obicularis oculi ?

A

Keep eye lubricated and protect eye from injury by spreading lacrimal fluid.

30
Q

Two parts of obicularis oculi ?

A

Orbital (outermost) and palpebral (innermost).

31
Q

What are the two sphincter muscles of the face ?

A

Obicularis oculi and obicularis oris.

32
Q

What is the innervation of obicularis oris ?

A

Buccal and marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve.

33
Q

What is the origin of obicularis oris ?

A

Buccinator and medial surface of maxilla and mandible.

34
Q

What is the insertion of obicularis oris ?

A

Mucous membranes of the lips.

35
Q

What is the innervation of buccinator ?

A

Buccal branch of facial nerve.

36
Q

What is the origin of buccinator ?

A

Posterior of alveolar processes of maxilla.
Pterygomandibular raphe.

37
Q

What is the insertion of buccinator ?

A

Fibres merge with obicularis oris.

38
Q

What is the function of buccinator ?

A

Keep food on occlusal surfaces of the teeth alongside the tongue.

39
Q

What lies posterior to the buccinator ?

A

Buccal fat pad.

40
Q

Where does the parotid duct lie ?

A

Superficial to buccinator.
Pierces buccinator and buccal fat pad into oral cavity at 2nd molar tooth.

41
Q

What is the origin of platysma ?

A

Subcutaneous tissue of infra and supra clavicular tissue.

42
Q

What is the insertion of platysma ?

A

Base of mandible.

43
Q

What is the innervation of platysma ?

A

Cervical branch of facial nerve.

44
Q

What is the function of platysma ?

A

Depress the mandible.

45
Q

What is the function of dilator muscles of the face ?

A

Widen mouth, lift or depress corners.

46
Q

What are the 5 terminal branches of the facial nerve (CNVII) ?

A

Temporal.
Zygomatic.
Buccal.
Marginal mandibular.
Cervical.

47
Q

What are the early branches of the facial nerve (CNVII) ?

A

Greater, lesser and external petrosal.
Nerve to stapedius.
Posterior digastric.
Posterior auricular.

48
Q

What are the two major arteries which supply the face ?

A

Internal carotid (ophthalmic branch).
External carotid.

49
Q

What are the two major veins which drain the face ?

A

Facial vein (and transverse facial).
Retromandibular.

50
Q

What two veins unite to become the EJV ?

A

Retromandibular and facial vein.

51
Q

What vein does the posterior auricular vein drain directly into ?

A

EJV.

52
Q

What is significant about the blood flow in the danger triangle ?

A

No valves in the veins so blood flows in both directions. So can cause infection spread and facial lacerations to cause big swellings (due to loose connective tissue).

53
Q

What vein do the veins deep to the danger triangle drain into ?

A

Cavernous sinus.

BDS3 BAMS Anatomy (11 decks)

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