Week 3 - Root of Neck, Cervical Nervous System & Scalp & Cranial Cavity

Question 1

What are the layers of the scalp and pneumonic ?

Answer 1

Skin.
Dense connective tissue.
Epicranial aponeurosis.
Loose connective tissue.
Pericranium.

Question 2

Characteristics of the skin (layer of the scalp) ?

Answer 2

Hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands (thickest of occipital bone).

Question 3

Characteristics of dense connective tissue (layer of the scalp) ?

Answer 3

Highly vascularised, cutaneous nerves.

Question 4

Characteristics of epicranial aponeurosis ?

Answer 4

Origin of occipitofrontalis muscle.

Question 5

Function of loose connective tissue (layer of the scalp) ?

Answer 5

Separates scalp proper (first 3 layers) from underlying pericranium and calvaria.
Allows free movement of outer layers over underlying calvaria.

Question 6

Characteristics of loose connective tissue (layer of scalp) ?

Answer 6

Contains spaces - risk of infection spread.

Question 7

What are the anterior boundaries of the root of the neck ?

Answer 7

Top of the manubrium and superior border of clavicle.

Question 8

What are the posterior boundaries of the root of the neck ?

Answer 8

Body of T1 and superior margin of scapula to coracoid process.

Question 9

What are the lateral boundaries of root of the neck ?

Answer 9

First pair of ribs and costal cartilages.

Question 10

What are the inferior boundaries of the root of the neck ?

Answer 10

Superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet) and axillary inlets.

Question 11

What does the subclavian artery supply ?

Answer 11

Upper limbs and branches to neck and brain.

Question 12

What are the 3 parts of the subclavian artery relative to the anterior scalene muscle ?

Answer 12

1st part - medial to muscle.
2nd part - superior to clavicle, opposite lateral border of muscle.
3rd part - lateral to scalene muscles to border of 1st rib.

Question 13

What are the branches of the subclavian and what part of the artery do the arise from ?

Answer 13

Vertebral artery - 1st part.
Internal thoracic artery - 1st part.
Thyrocervical artery - 1st part.
Costocervical trunk - 2nd part.
Doral scapular artery - 3rd part.

Question 14

What mnemonic can be used to remember the branches of the subclavian artery ?

Answer 14

Vit C and D.

Question 15

What are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk ?

Answer 15

Inferior thyroid artery.
Transverse cervical artery.
Suprascapular artery.

Question 16

At what point does the axillary vein become the subclavian vein ?

Answer 16

Lateral border of 1st rib.

Question 17

What is the venous triangle ?

Answer 17

Joining of IJV and subclavian to become brachiocephalic vein at medial end of clavicle.

Question 18

What are the main nerves associated with the posterior triangle ?

Answer 18

Phrenic and vagus nerve.