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BDS3 BAMS Anatomy > Week 2 - Anterior Triangle of the Neck > Flashcards

Week 2 - Anterior Triangle of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Borders of the anterior triangle of the neck ?

A

Inferior border of mandible, anterior border of sternocleidomastoid, midline of the neck.

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2
Q

Subdivisions of the anterior triangle ?

A

Submandibular, submental, carotid and muscular triangles.

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3
Q

Function of suprahyoid muscles ?

A

Elevate hyoid muscle and larynx.

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4
Q

Name suprahyoid muscles ?

A

Mylohyoid, digastric, stylohyoid, geniohyoid.

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5
Q

Name infrahyoid muscles ?

A

Sternohyoid, omohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid.

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6
Q

Innervation of mylohyoid ?

A

Inferior alveolar branch of CNV3.

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7
Q

Action of mylohyoid ?

A

Elevates hyoid and floor of mouth.
Reinforces floor of oral cavity.

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8
Q

Innervation of digastric ?

A

Anterior belly - inferior alveolar branch of CNV3.
Posterior belly - digastric branch of CNVII (facial nerve).

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9
Q

Actions of digastric ?

A

Anterior belly - raise hyoid bone and open mouth by lowering mandible.
Posterior belly - elevate and retracts hyoid.

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10
Q

Innervation of stylohyoid ?

A

CNVII (facial nerve).

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11
Q

Action of stylohyoid ?

A

Pull hyoid bone upwards (posterosuperior direction).

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12
Q

Innervation of geniohyoid ?

A

Anterior ramus of C1 (hitchhikes with hypoglossal CNXII).

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13
Q

Action of geniohyoid ?

A

Elevates and pulls hyoid forward when mandible is fixed.
Pulls mandible downwards and inwards if hyoid is fixed.

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14
Q

What are the two superficial infrahyoid muscles ?

A

Sternohyoid and omohyoid.

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15
Q

What are the two deep infrahyoid muscles ?

A

Thyrohyoid and sternothyroid.

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16
Q

Innervation of sternohyoid ?

A

Anterior rami of C1 to C3 (via ansa cervicalis).

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17
Q

Action of sternohyoid ?

A

Depress hyoid after elevation in swallowing.

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18
Q

Innervation of omohyoid ?

A

Anterior rami of C1 to C3 (via ansa cervicalis).

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19
Q

Action of omohyoid ?

A

Depress and fixes hyoid.

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20
Q

Innervation of thyrohyoid ?

A

Anterior rami of C1 (hitchhikes with hypoglossal CNXII).

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21
Q

Action of thyrohyoid ?

A

Depress hyoid and raise larynx.

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22
Q

Innervation of sternothyroid ?

A

Anterior rami of C1 to C3 (via ansa cervicalis).

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23
Q

Action of sternothyroid ?

A

Draws larynx downwards.

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24
Q

Where is the thyroid gland found ?

A

Visceral compartment of neck (with trachea and oesophagus).
Extends from thyroid cartilage superiorly to 5th tracheal ring.

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25
Q

What is the arterial supply of thyroid gland and what are they a branch of ?

A

Superior thyroid artery - first branch of external carotid.
Inferior thyroid artery - branch of subclavian.

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26
Q

What is the venous drainage of thyroid gland and where do they drain into ?

A

Thyroid venous plexus.
Superior thyroid vein - to internal jugular vein.
Middle thyroid vein - to internal jugular vein.
Inferior thyroid vein - to brachiocephalic vein.

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27
Q

What is the blood supply to parathyroid gland ?

A

Inferior thyroid arteries.

28
Q

What is the venous drainage of parathyroid gland ?

A

Thyroid venous plexus.

29
Q

Sympathetic innervation of parathyroid and thyroid gland ?

A

Thyroid branches of cervical ganglia.

30
Q

How is the parathyroid and thyroid gland regulated ?

A

Pituitary gland.

31
Q

What is contained in the carotid sheath ? And how are they positioned in relation to one another ?

A

Common carotid artery (medial).
Internal jugular vein (lateral).
Vagus nerve (CNX) (posterior).

32
Q

Where does the carotid sheath run from and to where ?

A

Skull base to aortic arch.

33
Q

What nervous structure lies on the anterolateral surface of the carotid sheath ?

A

Ansa cervicalis.

34
Q

Where does the right common carotid artery branch off of ?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk.

35
Q

Where does the left common carotid artery branch off of ?

A

Directly from aortic arch.

36
Q

At what level does the common carotid artery branch and become the external and internal carotid artery ?

A

Around C3-C4 level.

37
Q

Once CCA divides into ECA and ICA, what branch continues within the carotid sheath ?

A

Internal carotid artery.

38
Q

What does the internal carotid artery supply ?

A

Brain.
ICA has no branches.

39
Q

What does the external carotid artery supply ?

A

Face and scalp.

40
Q

What mnemonic can be used to remember branches of external carotid artery ?

A

Some anatomists like freaking out, poor medical students.

41
Q

Name the branches of the external carotid artery.

A

Superior thyroid
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Posterior auricular
Maxillary
Superficial temporal

42
Q

What is a branch of the superficial temporal artery ?

A

Transverse facial.

43
Q

What mneumonic can be used to remember the branches of the internal jugular vein ?

A

Medical schools only let fun people in.

44
Q

What are the branches of the internal jugular vein ?

A

Middle thyroid.
Superior thyroid.
Occipital.
Lingual.
Facial.
Pharyngeal.
Inferior petrosal sinus.

45
Q

What is the function of the internal jugular vein ?

A

Drains blood from brain, skull and neck.

46
Q

What mnemonic can be used to remember the branches of the external jugular vein ?

A

PAST

47
Q

What are the branches of the external jugular vein ?

A

Posterior external jugular.
Anterior jugular.
Suprascapular.
Transverse cervical.

48
Q

What is the carotid sinus ?

A

Enlargement/dilation at bifurcation of commons carotid artery.

49
Q

What is the function of the carotid sinus ?

A

Contains baroreceptors and pressoreceptors - important in monitoring blood pressure and maintaining with homeostatic values (baroreceptors are sensitive to stretch).

50
Q

What nerve innervates the carotid sinus ?

A

CNIX and CNX, by carotid sinus nerve.
APs travels from baroreceptors through CNIX to cardio-regulatory and vasomotor cortex in medulla.

51
Q

What is the carotid body ?

A

Small organ on medial side of bifurcation of CCA near carotid sinus.

52
Q

What is the function of the carotid body ?

A

Contains chemoreceptors - monitor blood oxygen, CO2 and pH. Responds to emergency situations by increasing respiration, BP and cardiac rate.

53
Q

What nerve innervates the carotid body ?

A

CNIX via carotid sinus nerve and CNX - afferent fibres from carotid body travel to cardio-regulatory and vasomotor cortexes in medulla.

54
Q

Where is the anterior jugular vein situated ?

A

Midline at hyoid bone level.

55
Q

Where do anterior jugular veins from right and left communicate ?

A

Jugular venous arch.

56
Q

Where is the external jugular vein located ?

A

Outside carotid sheath.
Begins at mandible, joins retromandibular and posterior auricular, then crosses SCM and drains into subclavian.

57
Q

What two veins drain into the retromandibular vein ?

A

Superficial temporal and maxillary veins.

58
Q

What 3 structures cross the SCM ?

A

Transverse cervical nerve, external jugular vein and great auricular nerve.

59
Q

What is the transverse cervical nerve a branch of ?

A

Anterior rami of C2-C3.

60
Q

What is the function of the transverse cervical nerve ?

A

Cutaneous innervation of SCM and anterior triangle.

61
Q

What is ansa cervicalis a branch of ?

A

Anterior rami of C1-C3.

62
Q

What is the function of ansa cervicalis ?

A

Motor innervation of infra-hyoid muscles.

63
Q

At what vertebral level does the brachial plexus start ?

A

C5 to T1.

64
Q

What 5 cranial nerves are found in the neck ?

A

Facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory, hypoglossal.

65
Q

What structures does the facial nerve supply in the neck ?

A

Platysma, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid.

66
Q

What structures does the glossopharyngeal nerve supply in the neck ?

A

Pharyngeal muscles and carotid sinus.

67
Q

What 3 cranial nerves exit via the jugular foramen ?

A

Glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory.

BDS3 BAMS Anatomy (11 decks)

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