Week 10 - Larynx, Nasal Cavity & Paranasal Sinuses Flashcards
What is the function of the larynx ?
Allows passage of air in and out of the trachea.
Has protective sphincter preventing foreign bodies entering airway.
Organ of phonation i.e. speech production.
At what vertebral level is the larynx located ?
C3-C6.
What is the boundaries of the larynx ?
From epiglottis to inferior border of cricoid cartilage.
What type of cartilage is associated with the larynx ?
Hyaline cartilage, with exception of epiglottis which is elastic.
What is the only complete ring of the laryngeal cartilages ?
Cricoid cartilage.
What are the four key cartilages associated with the larynx ?
Thyroid cartilage.
Cricoid cartilage.
Epiglottis.
Arytenoid cartilage.
What ligament runs between the thyroid and cricoid cartilage ? Associated with emergency airway procedure.
Median cricothyroid ligament.
What is the term for the anterior apertures of the nose ?
Nares
What is the term for posterior apertures of the nose ?
Choanae
How are the right and left nasal cavities separated ?
By nasal septum.
What structures in the nose are responsible for sense of smell ?
Olfactory receptors.
What are the two bones with contribute to the external nose ?
Nasal bones and frontal processes of the maxilla.
What are the three cartilages present in the nose ?
Septal cartilage. Major and minor alar cartilages.
What three muscles over lie the nose ?
Nasalis
Depressor septi nasi
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi.
Looking at the skull from norma frontalis, what is the name for the pear shaped aperture in the skull when looking at the nose without cartilage ?
Piriform aperture.
What forms the floor of the nasal cavity ?
Hard palate, so palatine process of maxillae and the horizontal plate of palatine bones.
What is the term for the anterior opening of the nasal cavities ?
Nares
What forms the connection between the nasal and oral cavities ?
Nasopalatine (or incisive) canal
What is the contents of the nasopalatine (or incisive) canal ?
Nasopalatine nerve and artery.
Where is the nasal crest located ?
Ridge formed at connection of paired maxillae and palatine bones.
What bony prominence provides attachment for vomer ?
Nasal crest.
What is septal deviation ?
Displacement of septum away from the midline.
What are the two causes for septal deviation ?
Trauma or birth defect.
What is the highest point of the nasal cavity ?
Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone.
The holes in the cribriform plate of ethmoid bone allow passage for what nerves ?
Olfactory nerves from olfactory bulb on base of the brain.
What are the three nasal conchae ?
Superior, middle and inferior conchae.
What is the space which separates the nasal conchae ?
Corresponding conchae meatus.
What two conchae are formed by the ethmoid labyrinth ?
Superior and middle nasal conchae.
What conchae is a separate bone ?
Inferior nasal conchae.
The space between the roof and nasal cavity and the superior conchae is called …
Spheno-ethmoidal recess.
What is the function of the nasal conchae ?
Moisturisation, purification and warming of the air.
What are the 4 paranasal sinuses ?
Ethmoidal, maxillary, frontal, sphenoidal.
What are paranasal sinuses ?
Hollow cavities in pneumatised bones.
What is the only cartilage in the larynx to form full circle ?
Cricothyroid.
What type of cartilage are the laryngeal cartilages made of ?
Hyaline (except epiglottis - elastic).
What structure forms the boundary between the oropharynx and laryngopharynx ?
Epiglottis.
What cartilage plays a role in phonation ?
Arytenoid - at cricoid-arytenoid joints where movement for vocal folds during voice production occurs.
What are the three singular laryngeal cartilages ?
Epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid.
What are the three paired laryngeal cartilages ?
Arytenoid, cuneiform, corniculate.
What joint results in change in length of vocal folds and plays role in phonation ?
Cricothyroid joint.
What is the extrinsic ligament/membrane of the larynx ?
Thyrohyoid.
Has median and two lateral thickenings i.e. ligaments.
What are the two intrinsic ligaments/membranes of the larynx ?
Quadrangular membrane i.e. vestibular ligament/fold and aryepiglottic ligament/fold.
Median cricothyroid membrane i.e. vocal ligament/fold.
The superior free margin of the quadrangular membrane forms the … ligament/fold ?
Aryepiglottic ligament and fold.
The inferior free margin of the quadrangular membrane forms the … ligament/fold ?
Vestibular ligament and fold.
The superior free margin of the cricothyroid membrane forms the … ligament/fold ?
Vocal ligament and fold.
The rima epiglotidis is ?
Space between vestibular and vocal folds.
What fold forms the laryngeal inlet - sphincter of the larynx ?
Aryepiglottic fold.
What are the extrinsic muscles of the larynx ?
Supra and infrahyoid muscles.
Stylopharyngeus.
What is the intrinsic muscle of the larynx responsible for opening the rima glottidis ?
Posterior cricoarytenoid.
What are the 2 intrinsic muscles of the larynx responsible for closure of the rima glottidis ?
Transverse arytenoid and lateral cricoarytenoid.
What is the group of intrinsic muscles of the larynx responsible for lengthening the vocal folds i.e. creating higher pitch ?
Cricothyroid (tensor) muscles.
What is the group of intrinsic muscles of the larynx responsible for shortening the vocal folds i.e. creating lower pitch ?
Thyroarytenoid (relaxer) muscles.
What is the 2 muscles of the larynx responsible for closure of the laryngeal inlet ?
Oblique arytenoid and extrinsic muscles.
What is responsible for the opening of the laryngeal inlet ?
Elastic recoil with descent of larynx.
What motor nerve supplies the intrinsic muscles of the larynx ?
Recurrent laryngeal of CNX (except cricothyroid - superior laryngeal of CNX).
What sensory nerve supplies the larynx above the vocal folds ?
Superior laryngeal nerve of CNX.
What sensory nerve supplies the larynx below the vocal folds ?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve of CNX.
