Week 5/6 Quiz Flashcards
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates an example of a prescribing cascade?
A. Patient takes over-the-counter ibuprofen for occasional back pain
B. Patient takes acetaminophen, guaifenesin and pseudoephedrine to control symptoms from an upper respiratory infection
C. Patient is prescribed metformin, lisinopril, hydrochlorothiazide, lovastatin, levothyroxine and aspirin to treat his diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol and hypothyroidism
D. Patient stops taking metformin when it causes nausea, vomiting and diarrhea
E. Patient takes lisinopril for hypertension. He develops a cough from the medication, but his physician treats it as a viral infection with guaifenesin/codeine. This causes him to be tired and weak. He tells his doctor he is still coughing and feels weak; he is diagnosed with pneumonia and started on levaquin.
E. Patient takes lisinopril for hypertension. He develops a cough from the medication, but his physician treats it as a viral infection with guaifenesin/codeine. This causes him to be tired and weak. He tells his doctor he is still coughing and feels weak; he is diagnosed with pneumonia and started on levaquin.
Which of the following are the best ways for a physician to help prevent the spread of and resistance in Clostridium difficile infections?
A. If suspicion or confirmation of this infection, place patient in isolation and use contact precautions
B. If suspicions of this infection, test patient’s stool.
C. Prescribe appropriate antibiotics when necessary.
D. Wash hands with soap and water after leaving patient’s room
E. All of the above
E. All of the above
After traveling for 15 hours by plane in a coach-class window seat with her leg pressed up against the inner wall of the plane, a 56-year-old obese woman presents with complaints of numbness and tingling in her lateral leg. She also reports some minor difficulty with walking, stating, “I keep tripping and stumping my toe.” Based on this presentation, where would you expect her to exhibit a sensory deficit?
A. Gluteal sulcus and intergluteal cleft
B. Lateral calf and dorsal foot
C. Lateral thigh and hip
D. Medial calf and plantar aspect of foot
E. Medial thigh and knee
F. Popliteal fossa and posterior thigh
B. Lateral calf and dorsal foot *
Motions at the talocrural joint include A. abduction/adduction. B. flexion/extension. C. plantarflexion/dorsiflexion D. pronation/supination. E. protraction/retraction.
C. plantarflexion/dorsiflexion.
A 25-year-old female who recently returned from a vacation in the jungles of Costa Rica presents with concerns of a lesion on her right foot that is getting progressively worse. A dimorphic fungal infection is suspected. Lesion material should be cultured at
A. 25°C.
B. 37°C.
C. both 25°C and 37°C
C. both 25°C and 37°C.
Viruses that are sensitive to detergents and alcohols most likely
A. enter cells through pinocytosis.
B. exit infected cells by budding through the plasma membrane.
C. replicate their genomes in the cytoplasm.
D. result in an abortive infection.
E. use the fecal-oral route for transmission.
B. exit infected cells by budding through the plasma membrane
Varicella-Zoster virus, which causes chickenpox and decades later may cause shingles in the infected individual, is an example of a/an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ viral infection. A. abortive B. acute C. chronic D. latent E. oncogenic
D. latent
The receptor’s response to a drug is diminished due to repeated exposure to the drug. This is defined as A. desensitization. B. down-regulation. C. refractory. D. tachyphylaxis. E. tolerance.
A. desensitization
While on infectious disease rounds, the subject of granulomatous infectious diseases was discussed. The question posed to the group was which pair of diseases or infections is characterized by having caseous necrosis?
A. Fungal infections and tuberculosis
B. Myocardial infarction and fungal infections
C. Myocardial infarction and tuberculosis
D. Pancreatitis and brain infarcts
E. Tuberculosis and pancreatitis
A. Fungal infections and tuberculosis
The definition of metaplasia includes
A. A pre-cancerous condition.
B. Decrease in the size of an organ or tissue.
C. Enlargement of an organ.
D. High nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio (N/C ratio).
E. Replacement of one cell type for another to suit the environment.
E. Replacement of one cell type for another to suit the environment
In an experiment, a flask of bacterial media is inoculated with a mixture of two strains of E. coli. Strain A carries a penicillin-resistance gene on its F plasmid, and strain B is F-minus and sensitive to penicillin. After incubation, the bacteria cells are plated in the presence of penicillin. It is then determined that both strain A and B are growing. The most likely genetic process to explain what happened to strain B is called A. conjugation. B. deletion mutation. C. transduction. D. transformation. E. transposition.
A. conjugation.
The most appropriate method to sterilize a heat-sensitive drug that would maintain the drug’s function is A. autoclaving. B. exposure to 1 N NaOH. C. filtration. D. triclosan treatment. E. UV radiation.
C. filtration.
A 46-year-old female presents to the urgent care with sinus pain and pressure for the past 2 days. After a through history and physical you diagnose the patient with a viral sinusitis. Your patient wants an antibiotic for her medical issue. What is the best advice you can give her about treatment?
A. Explain it is only appropriate to prescribe an antibiotic for a specific bacterial infection
B. Prescribe her an antibiotic
C. Tell her if she doesn’t start feeling better in 24hrs, then take an antibiotic
D. Tell her if she doesn’t start feeling better in 3 days to take the antibiotic that she still has at home (from a previous infection)
A. Explain it is only appropriate to prescribe an antibiotic for a specific bacterial infection *
A key factor in the ability of an infectious disease to cause a pandemic is
A. a natural disaster that results in inadequate sewage treatment.
B. its increased virulence.
C. the building of new houses near forests.
D. the convenience of international air travel.
E. the easing of vaccination requirements by various states.
D. the convenience of international air travel.*
A 76-year-old female with a prosthetic hip presents with complaints of fever and pain in the hip. Lab results indicate that her prosthesis is infected with Staphylococcus epidermidis. The most likely source of her prosthetic infection is her A. dental plaque. B. mouth. C. skin. D. stomach. E. vagina.
C. skin.*
