week 5

Question 1

the solvent in body fluid pools is what?

Answer 1

water

Question 2

molecules dissolved in water are called ?

Answer 2

solutes

Question 3

sodium is extracellular or intracellular
and why is it important?

Answer 3

extracellular
ECF, regulates ECF volume

Question 4

potassium is extracellular or intracellular
and why is it important?

Answer 4

intracellular
leakage causes resting membrane potential

Question 5

calcium is extracellular or intracellular
and why is it important?

Answer 5

ECF
regulates muscle contractions(skeletal, cardiac, smooth)

Question 6

magnesium is extracellular or intracellular
and why is it important?

Answer 6

ICF
enzyme reaction acetylcholine secretion

Question 7

bicarbonate
and why is it important?

Answer 7

extracellular buffer, maintain extracellular pH

Question 8

Phosphate is extracellular or intracellular
and why is it important?

Answer 8

intracellular buffer, maintains intracellular pH

Question 9

ANIONS balancing sodium in ECF

Answer 9

Chloride(+bicarbonate )

Question 10

anions balancing potassium in ICF

Answer 10

Phosphate(+proteins)

Question 11

dose hypotonic solutions have high or low osmolaity?

Answer 11

low

Question 12

dose hypertonic solutions have high or low osmolaity?

Answer 12

high

Question 13

what clinical signs would your see for fluid loss

Answer 13

increased capillary refill time, decreased skin turgor
drier mucous membranes
hypetension
tachycardia
drowsiness, dizziness,LOC

Question 14

whats the difference between water loss and fluid loss?

Answer 14

water loss is fixed by increasing water, fluid loss is not only the loss of water but also of ions

Question 15

When would Dextrose + saline be used

Answer 15

Used to treat hypovolaemic shock – increases water mostly
But also ions

Question 16

when would you give a patient ringer’s solution or harmanns

Answer 16

it good because it replaces all the ions in the ECF AND the patient has slight acidosis for harmanns and ringers if they have inbalance in another ion

Question 17

when would you use colloids infusion

Answer 17

when you want to increase plasma volume but you dont want to increase the extracellular fluid volume examples
burns
hypoproteinaemia(cirrhosis)
acute liver failure/disease
acute respiratory distres

Question 18

Answer 18

1.cortex
2. medulla
3.renal capsule
4.proximal tubule
5.nephron loop
6. collecting duct
7. distal tubule

Question 19

what is prostaglandins effect on glomerular filtration

Answer 19

they make it wider which increases blood flow

Question 20

what is angiotensin II effect on glomerular filtration

Answer 20

contriction of the efferent arterials to reduce blood flow out and increase the filtration rate

Question 21

Answer 21

Question 22

Answer 22

proximal
distal
collecting duct
medulla

Question 23

why can creatinine be uses to measure filtration rate?

Answer 23

Because it’s neither absorb or secreted and is constantly produced in the skeletal muscle.

Question 24

what are the steps for regulation of aldosterone by blood pressure?

Answer 24

Question 25

what dose ANP do?

Answer 25

responds to high blood pressure in the atria, oppose the effects of aldosterone. It excretes sodium and lowers blood pressure

Question 26

what is hypernatremia?

Answer 26

high amounts of sodium in the blood

Question 27

what is hyponatraemia?

Answer 27

low sodium in blood

Question 28

what is third spacing ?

Answer 28

occurs when too much fluid moves from the intravascular space(blood vessels) into interstital or “third space”
can cause edema ect

Question 29

Crystalloid vs colloid fluids ?

Answer 29