Week 5

Question 1

What are some of the functional implications of limited elbow flexion?

Answer 1

Difficulty Bathing
Doing your hair
Self-Feeding
Brushing Teeth
Driving
ADLs/IADLs
ect.

Question 2

Ulna

Answer 2

Largest bone of the forearm
Stable base for elbow flexion and forearm rotation

Question 3

What are the flexors of the elbow?

Answer 3

Biceps Brachii- Elbow Flexion
Brachialis- Workhorse of elbow flexion
Brachioradialis- Flex the elbow joint and rotates forearm to neutral (coffee drinking muscle)

Question 4

What are the extensors of the elbow?

Answer 4

Triceps Brachii
Anconeus

Both help with functional mobility when using the upper extremities in a closed-chain pattern to support movement or positioning of the body

Question 5

What are the primary rotators of the forearm?

Answer 5

Biceps Brachii
Supinator
Pronator Teres
Pronator Quadratus

Question 6

What does the humero-ulnar joint do?

Answer 6

Flexion and Extension
Provides stability

Question 7

What does the humeroradial joint do?

Answer 7

Provides elbow stability

Question 8

What does the proximal radio-ulnar joint do?

Answer 8

Helps to reduce friction during prosupination at the elbow

Question 9

What does the distal radio-ulnar joint do?

Answer 9

Provides stability due to connective tissue and muscle support on the wrist.

Question 10

What happens when the triangular fibrocartilage complex is damaged?

Answer 10

Instability
Pain
Limited motion at the wrist

Question 11

What is the carrying angle?

Answer 11

~5 to 10 degrees in males and
~10 to 15 degrees in females allowing the arms to clear the hips during ambulation (walking or running)

Question 12

What is a cubitus varus deformity?

Answer 12

When the forearm is deviated toward the midline
“gunstock deformity”

Question 13

What is Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)

Answer 13

Inflammation of the wrist extensor tendons where they attach at the lateral epicondyle

Question 14

Signs of Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondyle)

Answer 14

Pain with wrist EXTENSION motion
*(pouring coffee, brushing teeth ect.)
*Pain with palpation at the lateral epicondyle
Pain with resisted wrist extension with the elbow in extension
Pain with gripping or use of the dynamometer with the elbow extended

Question 15

What is Medial Epiconylitis (Golfer’s Elbow)?

Answer 15

Inflammation of the tendons of the wrist flexors

Question 16

Signs of Golfer’s Elbow (Medial Epicondylitis)

Answer 16

Pain with wrist motion, pulling from extension into FLEXION
pain with wrist flextion and pronation

Question 17

Flexion Contractures of the Elbow

Answer 17

Can occur with long periods of immobilization
This can be due to a fractured bone or due posttraumatic heterotrophic ossification, osteophyte formation, spasticity or tightening of the anterior capsule

Question 18

What is a healthy extension to flexion arc?

Answer 18

5 to 145 degrees of flexion

A functional arc is from -30 to 130 degrees of flexion, allowing an individual to use the keyboard, our from a pitcher and to complete ADLs.

Question 19

What are provocative testing for the elbow?

Answer 19

Hook Test
Lateral Epicondylitis Test
Medial Epicondylitis Test
Triceps tendon palpation for distal triceps tendinopathy