Week 1 Flashcards
Intro to Kinesiology
Open Kinetic Chain Movement
Distal segment of a joint moves on a relatively fixed proximal segment
Ex.) Waving, Free weights
A series of articulated segmented links
Ex.) scapula, shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand
Kinetic Chain
Adapting clothing to decrease the activity demands is an example of what?
Compensation
Wolff’s Law
Bone density changes in response to changes in the functional forces on the bone.
Syndesmosis
Joint that is held together by an interosseous ligament or membrane, and motion is limited to the stretching of the connecting membrane: distal radioulnar joint
Closed pack positions:
- *A. Increase stability**
- *B. Decrease stability**
- *C. Joint surfaces are congruent**
- *D. Joint surfaces are incongruent**
- *E. Both A & C**
- *F. Both A & D**
E. Both A & C
Increased stability, but more likely to be injured.
Joint surfaces are congruent, the greatest overlap, joint is compressed and synovial fluid is squeezed out.
Joint movement can have up to X degrees of angular freedom which corresponds to the three cardinal planes.
A. 6 Degrees
B. 5 Degrees
C. 4 Degrees
D. 3 Degrees
D. 3 Degrees
1 Degree (elbow, knees) 2 Degrees (wrist, ankle) 3 degrees (shoulder, hip)
Osteoarthritis
“Wear and Tear”
Gradual erosion of articular cartilage, articular cartilage pad
is completely worn
Synchondroses
Temporary joints that are present as the skeleton grows but become thinner and are replaced by a bony union as the skeleton matures: growth plates
- *What anatomical axis and plane are**
- *flexion and extension in?**
Frontal Axis + Sagittal Plane
Osteokinematics
movement of the skeletal system, the motion of bones relative to the planes of the body
Where is the fulcrum in a first class lever?
The fulcrum (axis) is in the middle of the lever
Ex.) When you nod
True/False
Active Range of Motion equals I am moving
True
Synarthrodial Joint
Joints by dense fibrous connective tissue that unites bone to bone: suture joints in the skull
- *Bones are the ,**
- *Joints are the ,**
- *Muscles are the and .**
Bones are the levers,
Joints are the fulcrum (axis),
Muscles are the effort and force.
- *What anatomical axis and plane are**
- *abduction and adduction in?**
Sagittal Axis + Frontal Plane
Passive Range of Motion equals:
A. I am moving
B. I am moving and someone is moving me
C. Someone is moving me
D. Both B & C
C. Someone is moving me
Torque is dependent on…
- Amount of force (muscle contraction)
- Angle of application of force
- Length of the movement arm (lever/bone)
Compensation
approach aimed at revising current context or activity demands to support performance
Second Class Lever
Weight or resistance is situated in-between the effort force and fulcrum (axis). Load is in the middle.
Ex.) Standing on toes; the effort force are the calf muscles, resistance is the body, fulcrum (axis) are the toes
Which three options are Concave-on-Convex movements?
Concave-on Convex Movements:
D. Rolling, E. Gliding, & F. Spinning
True/False
Fibrocartilage forms substance of vertebral discs, labra in the hip and the shoulder.
False
Fibrocartilage forms substance of intervertebral discs, labra in the hip and the shoulder.
What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?
Symphyses
&
Synchondroses
Which three options are Convex-on-Concave movements?
Convex-on-Concave Movements:
A. Rolling, B. Gliding, & C. Spinning
What are the three types of fibrous joints?
Synarthrodial Joint
Syndesmosis
Gomphosis
- *Synovial Joints**
- *(Diarthroses)**
Greater freedom of movement in which bones are separated by a space called the joint cavity