Week 11 Flashcards
What are the bones of the knee?
Distal Femur
Patella
Proximal Tibia
True/False
The Tibia is more laterally located and articulates with both the knee and the ankle.
False
The Tibia is more MEDIALLY located and articulates with both the knee and the ankle.
Medial and Lateral Condyles
Femur
The rounded projections of the femur
Medial and Lateral Epicondyles
Femur
Proximal to the condyles
The fibula is smaller and only articulates with the…
A. Tibia
B. Femur
C. Ankle
D. None of the above
C. Ankle
The fibula is smaller and only articulates with the ankle.
Fibula
An attatchment site for the biceps femoris and the lateral collateral ligament
Attaches to the tibia both proximally and distally
DOES NOT connect to the knee but splints the lateral side of the tibia to maintain its vertical alignment.
True/False
The tibiofemoral joint is considered to be a hinge joint that’s uniaxial.
False
The tibiofemoral joint is considered to be a hinge joint that’s BIAXIAL.
What is the main load bearing structure of the knee?
Tibial Plateaus
Menisci are the 2 fibrocartilaginous joint discs that provide joint stability by deepening the contact surface on the tibia
What type of packed position is the knee when it is in full extension and dorsal foot flexion?
Closed-Packed Position
What is the resting position for the knee?
A. 15 Degrees of Flexion
B. 20 Degreees of Flexion
C. 25 Degrees of Flexion
D. 30 Degrees of Flexion
C. 25 Degrees of Flexion
What types of motion can the knee perform?
Flexion/Extension
Limited Ab/Adduction (if knee is flexed)
Medial and Lateral Rotation (aka internal/external rotation)
Patella
“Small Plate”
A sesamoid bone that protects the tendon by diminishing friction and alters the direction of the tendon’s angle of pull.
Cartilage is 4-5mm thick
True/False
The patella lengthens the level arm of the quadriceps muscle force around the center of rotation by centralizing these forces into one concerted direction of pull.
True
Patellofemoral Joint
The patella is in the quadriceps tendon that articulates with the anterior aspect of the distal femur.
This lets you kneel, sit, squat, and walk up and down stairs
What are the three muscles that make up the hamstings?
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps Femoris
Where are menisci located?
Within the knee
Anchored by the coronary and transverse ligaments.
Causes of a Torn Meniscus
- Aging
- Injury (usually from sports football,tennis, and basketball)
- Degenerative diseases (ex. Osteoarthritis)
- Forceful rotation or twisting of the knee such as sudden stops and turns
- Putting body’s full weight on the knee such as kneeling, deep squatting, or lifting heavy objects
Treatment for Torn Meniscus
Medication
Rest
Ice
Surgery
True/False
The tibia is the primary weight-bearing bone of the lower leg.
True
Genu Varus is also called…
Bowleg
or inward angulation of the tibia relative to the femur
Genu Valgus is also called…
Knock-Knee
or the tibia beginning to angle outward
True/False
A higher foot arch often contributes to instability.
True
With less contact between the bottom of the foot and ground surface there is less stability.
However, the flatter the arch the less able to absorb ground forces.
Screw-Home Mechanism
Screw-Home mechanisms “locks” the knee, tightening the fomoral condyles within their tibial receptacles in full extension, its closed-pack position, which enhances stability.
What movement does the ankle perform?
Dorsiflexion(extension) and plantar flexion
Inversion (supination), eversion (pronation), and slight rotation
What joints form the ankle?
Talocrural Joint
Subtalar Joint
Talocrural Joint
Ankle
Hinge Joint, Uniaxial
Performs dorsiflexion (extension) and plantar flexion of the ankle
Subtalar Joint
Ankle
Allows for inversion (supination;moves toes laterally out) and eversion (pronation; moves toes in medially) of the ankle.
Also known as the talocalcaneal joint
What are the flexors of the knee?
Hamstrings
Popliteus
What are the extensors of the knee?
Quadriceps
What are the three sections of the foot?
Rearfoot
Midfoot
Forefoot
Common Joints of the Foot AND Ankle
Ankle: Tibiotalar Joint
Talonavicular Joint
Subtalar Joint
Foot: Calcaneocuboid Joint
Tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) Joint
Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) Joint
True/False
The transverse tarsal joint moves through all three cardinal planes.
True
Talonavicular Joint
Ball and socket joint that allows for inverting, everting, dorsiflexion and plantar flexing
Articulation of the Navicular and talus bones.
Calcaneocuboid Joint
Distal surface of the calcaneus and the proximal surface of the cuboid bone.
Less joint flexibility, provides stability to this area.
Talonavicular & Calcaneocuboid Joint make up the Transverse Tarsal Joint
When Does Drop Foot Occur?
When there is damage to the peroneal nerve; Peripheral Nerve Damage (compression of the spinal cord)
or
Associated with CVA or another CNS related condition
When a client has drop foot they are unable to perform BLANK of the ankle.
A. Inversion
B. Plantar Flexion
C. Eversion
D. Dorsiflexion
D. Dorsiflexion
When a client has drop foot they are unable to perform dorsiflexion of the ankle
Treatment for Drop Foot
PT to Strengthen the Muscles
Surgery to Decompress the Nerve
OT Instruction on Donning/Doffing AFO
Client may wear an ankle foot orthosis (AFO) to stabilize the ankle.
Common Pathologies of the Foot
Achilles Tendonitis
Plantar fasciitis
Hammer toe, mallet toe, claw toe
Bunion- hallux valgus
Achilles Tendonitis
Cumulative trauma injury of achilles tendon (which attaches calf muscles to calcaneous)
Risk Factors of Achilles Tendonitis
Age
Sex
Flat Arches
Obesity
Tight Calf Muscles
Activity
Medications
Plantar Fasciitis
Inflammation of plantar fascia (which is thick connective tissue that connects calcaneous to toes)
Stabbing pain (increased intensity in the morning)
Risk Factors of Plantar Fasciitis
Running
Ballet Dancing
Being Overweight
Flat Feet or High Arch
Prolonged Time on Feet
Unknown
