Week 13

Question 1

The Gait Cycle

Answer 1

Walking is a series of movements
Beginning: Heel Contact/Heel Strike

Question 2

Stride

Answer 2

Sequence of events taking place between successive heel contacts of the same foot

Question 3

Step

Answer 3

Sequence of events that occurs within successive heel contacts of opposite feet (between right and left contacts)

Question 4

What are the initial stages of the gait cycle?

Answer 4

Two Steps, A right step and a left step

Question 5

What are the steps to the Stance and Swing Phase in the Gait Cycle?

Answer 5

Question 6

Stride Length

Answer 6

Distance between two successive heel contacts of the same foot

Stride and Gait Cycle are synonymous.

Question 7

Step Length

Answer 7

Distance between successive heel contacts of the two different feet

Question 8

Step Width

Answer 8

The lateral distance between the heel centers of two consecutive foot contacts

Question 9

Foot Angle

Answer 9

The amount of toe out, angle between the line of progression of the body and the long axis of the foot.

This may throw off your base of support

Question 10

What are spacial descriptions of gait?
A. Stride Length, Step Length, Step Width, Foot Angle
B. Stride Cadence, Step Length, Stride Length, Step Cadence
C. Foot Angle, Step Length, Stride Cadence, Stride Length
D. None of the Above

Answer 10

A. Stride Length, Step Length, Step Width, Foot Angle

Question 11

Cadence

Answer 11

The number of steps per minute (Step Rate)

Question 12

Stride Time

Answer 12

The time for a full gait cycle

Question 13

Step Time

Answer 13

The time for the completion of a right or left step

Question 14

Walking Speed

Answer 14

Combination of spatial and temporal factors: distance covered in an amount of time

Healthy adult has a gait cycle that takes slightly more than 1 second and covers 4.5 feet

Question 15

What are temporal descriptions of gait?
A. Cadence, Stride Length, Step Length, Step Width
B. Step Time, Step Length, Stride Length, Cadence
C. Walking Speed, Step Time, Cadence, Stride Time
D. Step Length, Step Width, Walking Speed, Step Length

Answer 15

C. Walking Speed, Step Time, Cadence, Stride Time

Question 16

True/False
Weakness or joint restrictions through the upper body, pelvis, hip, knee, ankle and foot can all impact the gait cycle.

Answer 16

True

Examples: Pebble in your shoe
Wearing a knee brace

Question 17

Sinusoidal

Answer 17

A curve having the form of a sine wave
A sinusoidal pattern has a smooth, undulating pattern

Question 18

What percentage of time do we spend in the stance and swing phase?

Answer 18

Stance phase: 60% of gait cycle
Swing phase: 40% of gait cycle

Question 19

True/False
As gait speed decreases, the percentage of the gait cycle spent in periods of double-limb becomes shorter.

Answer 19

False
As gait speed increases, the percentage of the gait cycle spent in periods of double-limb becomes shorter.

Question 20

Name all Abnormal Gait Patterns

Answer 20

Ankle Dorsiflexor Weakness
-Heel Strike
-Swing Phase
Hemiplegic Gait
Parkinsonian Gait
Scissor Gait
Ataxic Gait
Trendelenburg Gait

Question 21

Name two types of Ankle Dorsiflexor Weakness

Abnormal Gait Patterns

Answer 21

Heel Strike (Drop Foot): Weak dorsiflexors cause the foot to land flatly rather than in toe up (dorsiflexion at the ankle) – usually toes will land first.
Swing Phase: The toes will catch because the dorsiflexors can’t sufficiently dorsiflex so the ankle will hang in plantar flexion during swing – this results in a steppage gait as you compensate by flexing the knee and hip higher during the swing.

Drop foot, foot slap, equinus gait (on tiptoes)

Question 22

Why would someone have an abnormal gait pattern?

Answer 22

Paralysis/Weakness
Joint ROM Limitations
Neurological Involvement

Question 23

Hemiplegic Gait

Answer 23

On the affected side, little arm swing, hip extended, adducted, internally rotated, foot drop, limited knee stability, knee extension. Short step length on affected side.

Question 24

Parkinsonian Gait

Answer 24

Trunk, hip, knee flexion, body weight is placed on balls of the feet resulting in shuffling gait

Question 25

Scissor Gait

Answer 25

Excessive hip adduction brings knees together often crossing over in front of each other

Question 26

Ataxic Gait

Answer 26

Damage to cerebellum affects motor control and results in jerky movements, poor balance, and a wider base of support

Question 27

Trendelenburg Gait

Answer 27

An abnormal gait that is usually found in people with weak abductor muscles of the hip which are supplied by the superior gluteal nerve