Week 12

Question 1

Stability

Answer 1

The ability to maintain control over the position or movement of your body

Question 2

Mobility

Answer 2

The ability to move

Question 3

Balance

Answer 3

The even distribution of weight that enables you to remain upright

Question 4

Coordination

Answer 4

The organization of different elements of your nerves, joints and muscles

Question 5

Postural muscles can…
A. Sustain your body against gravity.
B. Perform for a long period of time.
C. Have limited mobility.
D. Become short and tight, if not stretched.
E. All of the above

Answer 5

E. All of the above

Question 6

What are phasic muscles responsible for?

Answer 6

Moving the body through space
Performing movement quickly and strongly

Question 7

True/False
Phasic muscles tire less quickly than postural muscles.

Answer 7

False
Phasic muscles tire more quickly than postural muscles.
If not strengthened they become long and weak.

Question 8

Poor Positioning can lead to…

Answer 8

Neck Pain
Headaches
Back Pain
Acid Reflux
Hip Pain
Knee Pain
Plantar Fasciitis

Question 9

Center of Gravity
(COG)

Answer 9

The imaginary balancing point where the weight of an object is concentrated

Question 10

Base of Support
(BOS)

Answer 10

refers to the parts of the body, or a mobility device, that come into contact with the ground surface and the distance between those points of contact

Standing shoulder width apart gives greater stability than a narrow stance

Question 11

True/False
When the center of gravity is not over the base of support you will keep your balance.

Answer 11

False
When the center of gravity is not over the base of support you will lose your balance and fall.

Question 12

Enhancing stability improves BLANK and BLANK and decreases the risk of falls and other injuries.
A. Mobility and Position
B. Position and Function
C. Position and Mobility
D. Mobility and Function
E. None of the above

Answer 12

D. Mobility and Function

Question 13

True/False
The lower a body’s center of gravity, the greater its stability.

Stability Principles

Answer 13

True

Question 14

True/False
Widening the body’s base of support in the direction of the line of force will generate less stability.

Stability Principles

Answer 14

False
Widening the body’s base of support in the direction of the line of force will generate greater stability.

Question 15

True/False
To maximize stability, a person’s line of gravity needs to pass through the base of support at the location that will provided the smallest potential range of motion in the direction of motion forces.

Stability Principles

Answer 15

False
To maximize stability, a person’s line of gravity needs to pass through the base of support at the location that will provided the largest potential range of motion in the direction of motion forces.

Question 16

True/False
Generally speaking, a person with more mass will possess greater stability.

Stability Principles

Answer 16

True

Question 17

True/False
Since the human body is composed of vertically stacked segments, its most stable arrangement is when the center of gravity of each weight-bearing section is centered over the base of support.

Stability Principles

Answer 17

True

Question 18

True/False
The more friction between a surface and the body’s point of contact with that surface, the less stable the body will be.

Stability Principles

Answer 18

False
The more friction between a surface and the body’s point of contact with that surface, the more stable the body will be.

Question 19

Name some balance assessments

Answer 19

• Berg Balance Scale
• Timed “Up and Go” Test
• Functional Reach Test
• Tinetti Balance Scale
• Physical Performance Test
• Pediatrics:
  
  • Gross motor Scale of the PDMS-2
  • BOT-2

Question 20

Dynamic Sitting Balance

Answer 20

able to sit unsupported, weight shift and cross midline maximally

Question 21

Dynamic Standing Balance

Answer 21

able to stand unsupported, weight shift and cross midline maximally

Question 22

Static Sitting Balance

Answer 22

Sitting upright unsupported

Question 23

What do you need to assess and screen with balance?

Answer 23

Vision- last eye exam
Medication- how many do you take?, WHen was the last time you had a physician look at the meds you are taking?
History of falls
Co-morbidities
Cognition
Environmental Assessment
Vestibular Function
Sensory Function

Question 24

What are some Gait Assessments?

Answer 24

Tinetti Gait and Balance Assessment
-looks at gait and balance; balance would look at getting up frim a chair, turning 360 degrees, ability to maintain standing balance unsupported etc.

Functional Gait Assessment
Dynamic Gait Index
-Gait would look at step height, length, symmetry, gait deviation and sway

Question 25

Describe the Time Up and Go (TUG) Test

Answer 25

Directions
-Rise from arm chair
-Walk to line on floor (place tape 10 feet away)
-Turn and return to chair
-Sit in chair
-Time: sitting to sitting

Completed in under 14 seconds there is less of a fall risk

Question 26

Berg Balance Scale

Answer 26

Identifies risk for falling and need for assistive device in older adults (Chiu et al., 2003)
*-Found to significantly discriminate between fallers and non-fallers
-Specifically the item “pick up an object from the floor” was most sensitive for screening fallers *
Examines different aspects of balance that reflect common components of function (i.e. sitting, standing, reaching)

Identifies balance impairment in older adults (65+)

Question 27

What can the Ber Balance Scale predict?

Answer 27

Length of stay
Discharge disposition
Cut off score (45-49 risk of falling)
Guideline for assistive device
-Walker full time 25-39
-Cane 44-49

Question 28

Interpretation of the Berg Balance Scale

Answer 28

Decreasing scores indicate increasing risk to a point
Relationship is nonlinear
Consider:
-Environment
-Supports
-Cognition

Question 29

What are the strengths and limitations of the Berg

Answer 29

Strengths (+) / Limitations (-)
+ wide variety of aspects of balance
+ Quick, easy to use
+ Uses easily accessible equipment
+ Moderately strong reliability and validity
-Doesn’t look at gait (less function)
- Scoring doesn’t reflect safety, awareness, or judgment

Question 30

Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Integration in Balance (MCTSIB)
Tests balance under what conditions?

Answer 30

Testing balance under 4 conditions
-Standing on firm surface eyes open
-Standing on firm surface eyes closed
-Standing on foam surface eyes open
-Standing on foam surface eyes closed
X 30 seconds each