Week 12 Flashcards
Stability
The ability to maintain control over the position or movement of your body
Mobility
The ability to move
Balance
The even distribution of weight that enables you to remain upright
Coordination
The organization of different elements of your nerves, joints and muscles
Postural muscles can…
A. Sustain your body against gravity.
B. Perform for a long period of time.
C. Have limited mobility.
D. Become short and tight, if not stretched.
E. All of the above
E. All of the above
What are phasic muscles responsible for?
Moving the body through space
Performing movement quickly and strongly
True/False
Phasic muscles tire less quickly than postural muscles.
False
Phasic muscles tire more quickly than postural muscles.
If not strengthened they become long and weak.
Poor Positioning can lead to…
Neck Pain
Headaches
Back Pain
Acid Reflux
Hip Pain
Knee Pain
Plantar Fasciitis
Center of Gravity
(COG)
The imaginary balancing point where the weight of an object is concentrated
Base of Support
(BOS)
refers to the parts of the body, or a mobility device, that come into contact with the ground surface and the distance between those points of contact
Standing shoulder width apart gives greater stability than a narrow stance
True/False
When the center of gravity is not over the base of support you will keep your balance.
False
When the center of gravity is not over the base of support you will lose your balance and fall.
Enhancing stability improves BLANK and BLANK and decreases the risk of falls and other injuries.
A. Mobility and Position
B. Position and Function
C. Position and Mobility
D. Mobility and Function
E. None of the above
D. Mobility and Function
True/False
The lower a body’s center of gravity, the greater its stability.
Stability Principles
True
True/False
Widening the body’s base of support in the direction of the line of force will generate less stability.
Stability Principles
False
Widening the body’s base of support in the direction of the line of force will generate greater stability.
True/False
To maximize stability, a person’s line of gravity needs to pass through the base of support at the location that will provided the smallest potential range of motion in the direction of motion forces.
Stability Principles
False
To maximize stability, a person’s line of gravity needs to pass through the base of support at the location that will provided the largest potential range of motion in the direction of motion forces.
True/False
Generally speaking, a person with more mass will possess greater stability.
Stability Principles
True
True/False
Since the human body is composed of vertically stacked segments, its most stable arrangement is when the center of gravity of each weight-bearing section is centered over the base of support.
Stability Principles
True
True/False
The more friction between a surface and the body’s point of contact with that surface, the less stable the body will be.
Stability Principles
False
The more friction between a surface and the body’s point of contact with that surface, the more stable the body will be.
Name some balance assessments
- Berg Balance Scale
- Timed “Up and Go” Test
- Functional Reach Test
- Tinetti Balance Scale
- Physical Performance Test
- Pediatrics:
- Gross motor Scale of the PDMS-2
- BOT-2
Dynamic Sitting Balance
able to sit unsupported, weight shift and cross midline maximally
Dynamic Standing Balance
able to stand unsupported, weight shift and cross midline maximally
Static Sitting Balance
Sitting upright unsupported
What do you need to assess and screen with balance?
Vision- last eye exam
Medication- how many do you take?, WHen was the last time you had a physician look at the meds you are taking?
History of falls
Co-morbidities
Cognition
Environmental Assessment
Vestibular Function
Sensory Function
What are some Gait Assessments?
Tinetti Gait and Balance Assessment
-looks at gait and balance; balance would look at getting up frim a chair, turning 360 degrees, ability to maintain standing balance unsupported etc.
Functional Gait Assessment
Dynamic Gait Index
-Gait would look at step height, length, symmetry, gait deviation and sway
Describe the Time Up and Go (TUG) Test
Directions
-Rise from arm chair
-Walk to line on floor (place tape 10 feet away)
-Turn and return to chair
-Sit in chair
-Time: sitting to sitting
Completed in under 14 seconds there is less of a fall risk
Berg Balance Scale
Identifies risk for falling and need for assistive device in older adults (Chiu et al., 2003)
*-Found to significantly discriminate between fallers and non-fallers
-Specifically the item “pick up an object from the floor” was most sensitive for screening fallers *
Examines different aspects of balance that reflect common components of function (i.e. sitting, standing, reaching)
Identifies balance impairment in older adults (65+)
What can the Ber Balance Scale predict?
Length of stay
Discharge disposition
Cut off score (45-49 risk of falling)
Guideline for assistive device
-Walker full time 25-39
-Cane 44-49
Interpretation of the Berg Balance Scale
Decreasing scores indicate increasing risk to a point
Relationship is nonlinear
Consider:
-Environment
-Supports
-Cognition
What are the strengths and limitations of the Berg
Strengths (+) / Limitations (-)
+ wide variety of aspects of balance
+ Quick, easy to use
+ Uses easily accessible equipment
+ Moderately strong reliability and validity
-Doesn’t look at gait (less function)
- Scoring doesn’t reflect safety, awareness, or judgment
Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Integration in Balance (MCTSIB)
Tests balance under what conditions?
Testing balance under 4 conditions
-Standing on firm surface eyes open
-Standing on firm surface eyes closed
-Standing on foam surface eyes open
-Standing on foam surface eyes closed
X 30 seconds each
