Week 4 Flashcards
Shoulder Complex
What is the shoulder complex comprised of?
Scapula
Ribs
Clavicle
Sternum
Humerus
What is the shoulder girdle comprised of?
Scapula
Humerus
Clavicle
What are the main joints of the shoulder?
Sternoclavicular
Acromioclavicular
Glenohumeral
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
Saddle Joint
What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
Plane Synovial Joint
What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
Ball-and-Socket Joint
What are the four primary motions of the scapula movement?
Elevation
Depression
Adduction
Abduction
Upward Rotation and Downward Rotation are secondary motions
What does elevation of the scapula look like?
Lifting the shoulders up
- Levator Scapula, Upper Trapezius*
- Shrugging motion*
What does depression of the scapula look like?
Move shoulders down
Lower Trapezius
What does adduction of the scapula look like?
Move shoulder back
- Middle trapezius, Rhomboid*
- Pretend to hold a pencil between your shoulder blades*
What does abduction(protraction) of the scapula look like?
Move shoulders forward or towards the midline
Serratus Anterior, Pectoralis Minor
What does upward rotation of the scapula look like?
Arms to the sky
Upper and Middle Traps
What does downward rotation of the scapula look like?
Arms down and return to the anatomical position
Rhomboids
The clavicle rotates in…
A. One degree of freedom
B. Two degrees of freedom
C. Three degrees of freedom
C. Three degrees of freedom
Glenohumeral Joint
Incongruous joint because the articulating surfaces are not in direct contact
60-120 degrees of motion
What are the muscles that move the shoulder?
Deltoid
Pectoralis Major
Latissimus Dorsi
Teres Major
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
What are the rotator cuff muscles?
SITS
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
Name these parts of the body
Name these parts of the body
What action does the deltoid perform anteriorly?
Anterior: flexion, internal rotation, horizontal abduction, adduction, abduction
What is the middle action the deltoid performs?
Middle: Abduction
What action does the deltoid perform posteriorly?
Posterior: extension, external rotation, horizontal abduction
What action does the clavicle portion of the pectoralis major perform?
Shoulder flexion to 90 degrees
What action does the sternal portion b (lower portion) of the pectoralis major perform?
Shoulder extension to 90 degrees
What action does the clavicle portion a and sternal portion b of the pectoralis major perform?
Shoulder adduction, internal rotation, horizontal adduction
What action does the latissimus dorsi perform?
Shoulder extension, adduction, internal rotation, and hyperextension
What action does the teres major perform?
shoulder extension, adduction, internal rotation
What action does the supraspinatus perform?
Shoulder abduction
What action does the infraspinatus perform?
Shoulder external rotation, horizontal abduction
What action does the teres minor perform?
Shoulder external rotation, horizontal abduction
What action does the subscapularis perform?
Shoulder; internal rotation
True/False
The supraspinatus is most frequently involved in rotator cuff tears.
True
This is due to it’s superior location and mechanical abrasion and impingement of the supraspinatus on the acromion bone
Bursitis
When the bursa gets inflamed filling up the joint space where the tendons glide through
Bursae
Provides cushion so soft tissue glide and there is less friction
Concurrent Force Systems
Exists when two or more forces act at a common point of application but in divergent directions
Ex.) Pectoralis major and Deltoid
First Kinematic Principle of Abduction
Generalized 2:1 scapulohumeral rhythm, active shoulder abduction of about 180 degrees occurs as a result of simultaneous 120 degrees of glenohumeral joint abduction and 60 degrees of scapulothoracic upward rotation
Sixth Kinematic Principle of Abduction
States that the GH joint externally rotates during abduction
if it were to stay in internal rotation it would impinge on the rotator cuff tendons
What affects shoulder instability?
Glenohumeral subluxation
True/False
Anterior dislocation is less common than posterior dislocation.
False
Anterior dislocation is more common than posterior dislocation.
Impingement
When nerves and tendons are impinged by other structures in the joint
- *Signs and symptoms of a torn or inflamed**
- *rotator cuff**
Pain (especially at night)
Weakness and restricted movement
Lack of active overhead movements
A labral tear could be reported as
A. An overhead injury
B. Limitation in strength and ROM
C. Clicking with motion
D. Pain with Activity
E. All of the above
E. All of the above
True/False
Adhesive Capsulitis (frozen shoulder) usually affects women more than men.
True
