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PYB208 counselling theory and practice 1 > week 4: wave 1: psychoanalysis > Flashcards

week 4: wave 1: psychoanalysis Flashcards

1
Q

the case of Anna O

A

Anna was diagnosed with hysteria and was getting hypnotherapy and said to freud that talking helped her more which is what started the talking therapy

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2
Q

what drove psychoanalysis out of europe

A

hitler and stalin

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3
Q

how many feudian analysis immigrated to the US

A

50

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4
Q

what did freud do

A

helped move the treatment of mental illnesses from the asylum and hospital to the office

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5
Q

how many psychiatrists worked in hospitals in 1940

A

2/3

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6
Q

how much did psychiatrists working in hospitals decrease from 1940 to 1956

A

17% decrease

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7
Q

why did psychoanalysis die down in the 60s

A

social change (womens movement)
medical field (studies showed a low cure rate)
rise of medication
3rd edition of DSM in 1980 barely contained any Freudianism

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8
Q

what type of approach is the pyschoanalysis

A

the mordernist

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9
Q

what is the freudian outlook on human nature

A

deterministic

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10
Q

what is a deterministic outlook

A

it maintains that an individuals personality is fixed largely by the age of 6
people do not have free will but rather their behaviour is determined by innate drives that have to do with sex and aggression or love and death
a large emphasis on how one is raised by ones parents

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11
Q

what is a characteristic of a modernist approach

A

the idea of a personality

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12
Q

what are the drives freud believed with lived towards

A

drive towards life
drive towards death

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13
Q

what are the urges part of the subconscious that influence the way we go through the world

A

thanatos (death instinct)
eros/libido

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14
Q

what is eros/ libido

A

sexual drive/life instincts
human driving force, innate human urges
creative energies, motivation towards growth development and creativity

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15
Q

what is thanatos

A

death instinct
destructive energies/aggressive drive
managing the aggressive drive is a major challenge in human behaviour

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16
Q

what was freuds view on libido and death instinct

A

that they both operate in humans and determine what they do and why

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17
Q

what is consciousness

A

rational reality awareness

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18
Q

what is unconsciousness

A

dreams of symbolic representations of unconscious needs, inner conflicts, unfulfilled wishes, Id- superego conflicts, slips of the tongue, free association material, symbolic content of psychotic symptoms, repressed material

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19
Q

what is preconscious

A

habits, denial, habitual repetitive patterns we are semi-aware of

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20
Q

what does the Id do

A

instincts (the child)
eg. I want
ruled by the pleasure principle

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21
Q

what is do the ego do

A

rules by the reality principle (the parent)
eg. i will
the executive part of the personality, governs and controls and regulates personality
controls consciousness and checks and controls impulses from the id
seat of rational inteligence
distinguishes between inner and outer reality of experience

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22
Q

what does the superego do

A

morality (the parent)
eg. i should
judicial part of the personality
idealistic and moral intentions eg. good or bad and right or wrong thinking, striving for perfection internalisation of parental and societal values and aims

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23
Q

what is the goal of the id

A

seeks to reduce tension, avoiding pain and gaining pleasure

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24
Q

what is the goal of the superego

A

aims to inhibit the id impulses

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25
Q

what psychic entity is the original system of personality at birth

A

the id

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26
Q

psychosexual development

A

oral (1st year)
anal (1-3)
phallic (3-6)
latent (6-12)
genital (12+)

27
Q

what is the oral stage of psychosexual development

A

safety, love, fear, nurturing, can later be related to mistrust/rejection, ability or fear of forming trusting relationships

28
Q

what is the anal stage of the psychosexual development

A

related to power, control, autonomy, learning, independence, express negative feelings, rage, aggression

29
Q

what is the phallic stage of psychosexual development

A

related to sexual attitudes, gender identification, (parental attitudes to the childs emerging sexuality influences in adult life)

30
Q

what is the latent stage of psychosexual development

A

development of social skills, friends, social identity

31
Q

what is the development of genital stage in the psychosexual development

A

core characteristics of mature adulthood, creative investment of sexual energies into relationships, caring for others, education, profession, art music etc

32
Q

ego defence mechanisms

A

projection
reaction formation
sublimation
introjection
compensation
repression
denial
regression
rationalisation
identification
displacement

33
Q

what is projection

A

attributing unacceptable behaviour to others

34
Q

what is reaction formation

A

expressing the opposite

35
Q

what is sublimation

A

diverting psychic energies into more acceptable channels

36
Q

what is introjection

A

internalising values from parents or teachers or therapists
can be neg or pos

37
Q

what is compensation

A

masking perceived weakness, making up for limitations in other areas (focusing on accomplishments rather than on weakness)

38
Q

what is repression

A

exclusion from awareness

39
Q

what is denial

A

denial or distortion of reality, fear of ego overwhelm

40
Q

what is regression

A

reverting to an earlier life stage

41
Q

what is rationalisation

A

finding reasons for explaining ‘bruised ego’

42
Q

what is identification

A

loss of personal identity

43
Q

what is displacement

A

shifting to a safer target

44
Q

types of resistance

A

changing topic, falling into silence, abandoning treatment

45
Q

how do we support change

A

help release pent-up or repressed emotions/memories
bring awareness to the unconscious or subconscious into the conscious
enhance insight and deeper awareness
appropriate/timely confrontation of clients’ defense mechanisms
sensitive application of techniques
relate current aversive life experiences to unresolved psychic conflicts of the past

46
Q

therapeutic techniques

A

free association
dream analysis
transference
counter-transference
resistance
interpretation

47
Q

what is free association technique

A

facilitation of uncensored revelations of clients thoughts and feelings

48
Q

what is dream analysis technique

A

exploring the latent content of clients dreams

49
Q

what is transference technique

A

working through the clients personal reactions to the therapist

50
Q

counter-transference technique

A

therapists processing of his/her reaction to client

51
Q

resistance technique

A

evidence of clients avoidance to develop

52
Q

interpretation technique

A

therapist offering of deeper meanings and explanations to clients revelations `

53
Q

what has happened to psychoanalysis

A

its evolved into psychodynamic

54
Q

clinical evidence of the unconscious include

A

dreams
slips of the tongue
posthypnotic suggestions
material derived from free-association techniques
material derived from projective techniques
the symbolic content of psychotic symptoms

55
Q

what are dreams in regards of the psychoanalytical perspective

A

symbolic representation of unconscious needs, wishes and conflicts

56
Q

what does freud believe regarding the unconscious

A

the unconscious stores all experiences, memories and repressed material

57
Q

what concept is essential to the psychoanalytical approach

A

anxiety

58
Q

types of psychoanalytical anxiety

A

reality anxiety
neurotic anxiety
moral anxiety

59
Q

what is ego defence mechanism

A

ego-defence mechanisms help the individual cope with anxiety and prevent the ego from being overwhelmed. they are normal behaviours that can have adaptive value provided they dont become a style of life that enables the individual to avoid facing reality

60
Q

types of ego-defence mechanisms

A

repression
denial
reaction formation
projection
displacement
rationalisation
sublimation
regression
introjection
identification
compensation

61
Q

what is transference

A

transference is the clients unconscious shifting to the analyst of feelings, attitudes, and fantasies (both pos and neg) that are reactions to significant others in clients past

62
Q

what does transference involve

A

the unconscious repetition of the past in the present

63
Q

how does psychoanalytical/psychodynamic therapy differ from traditional therapy

A
  • the therapy has more to limited objectives than restructuring ones personality
  • the therapist is less likely to use the couch
  • there are fewer sessions each week
  • there is more frequent use of supportive interventions such as reassurance, expressions of empathy and support, and suggestions
  • there is more emphasis on the here and now relationship between therapist and client
  • there is more latitude for therapist self-disclosure without polluting the transference
  • less emphasis is given to the therapists neutrality
  • there is a focus on mutual transference and countertrasnference enactments
  • the focus is more on pressing practical concerns than on working with fantasy material

PYB208 counselling theory and practice 1 (10 decks)

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