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PYB208 counselling theory and practice 1 > microskills > Flashcards

microskills Flashcards

1
Q

microskills pyramid levels (bottom to top)

A
  1. values (professional and personal)
  2. epistemology
  3. approach/theory
  4. skills
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2
Q

what is the role of skills

A

help the client to tell their story
develop the relationship
enable reflection and choice
create a new experience

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3
Q

2 main types of microskills

A

verbal and non-verbal

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4
Q

essential non-verbal microskills

A

attending

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5
Q

essential verbal microskills

A

minimal responses (verbal and non)
paraphrasing
questions
summarising
clarifying

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6
Q

types of essential paraphrasing

A

reflecting content
reflecting feelings

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7
Q

types of questions

A

transitional
probing
scaling
leading
circular

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8
Q

what is attending

A

physcially attending (SOLER)
expressiveness
mirroring posture

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9
Q

what is the value of attending

A

conveying availability and presence
supports sense of safety and comfort
encourages client to keep talking
helps us to be genuine
demonstrates empathy and compassion

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10
Q

what do you need to be mindful of when attending

A

agreeing
endorsing
stereotypical counsellor mannerism
not responsive to the client
fakeness

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11
Q

types of listening blocks

A

mind reading
rehearsing
filtering
judging
daydreaming
advising
sparring
being right
derailing
placating

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12
Q

what is mind reading

A

assuming you know what the other person feels and thinks without asking

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13
Q

what is rehearsing

A

planning what you want to say next and missing whats being said now

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14
Q

what is filtering

A

listening only to things that are important or relevant to you and ignoring the rest, even if its important to the other person

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15
Q

what is judging

A

evaluating the other person and what they said rather than really trying to understand how they see the world

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16
Q

what is daydreaming

A

getting caught in memories or fantasies while someone is talking to you

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17
Q

what is advising

A

looking for suggestions and solutions instead of listening and understanding

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18
Q

what is sparring

A

invalidating the other person by arguing and debating

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19
Q

what is being right

A

resisting and ignoring any communication that suggests you are wrong or should change

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20
Q

what is derailing

A

flat out changing the subjects as soons as you hear anything that bothers or threatens you

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21
Q

what is placating

A

agreeing too quickly without listening to the other persons feelings or concerns

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22
Q

what are verbal minimal encourages

A

one or 2 words, a phrase, an utterance
eg. yes, ok, mmhm

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23
Q

what are nonverbal minimal encourgaes

A

a movement
eg. a nod

24
Q

why do we use minimal encourages

A

confirms that we are listening
encourages client to keep talking
emphasizes significance
establishes clarity

25
Q

what do we need to be mindful of when using minimal encourages

A

agreeing
sympathising
consoling
patting on the back
endorsing
unconscious use of words

26
Q

what is reflection of content paraphrasing

A

reflecting content is listening accurately to another person and reflecting the essence of the content of the communication to the other in your own words

27
Q

what does a good paraphrase do

A

adds nothing, omits nothing, distorts nothing

28
Q

why do we use paraphrasing for reflection of content

A

it lets the speaker know they have been heard, understood, cared for, and supported
provides feedback, promotes insight
clarify understanding
reduces repetition

29
Q

what do you need to be mindful of when paraphrasing for reflection of content

A

parroting
interpreting
labeling
puting new ideas/thoughts into the clients head
taking the clients side

30
Q

what is reflection of feeling

A

identifying the feelings and emotions in a persons verbal and body language and stating those feelings back to the client

31
Q

what is the counsellor doing in reflection of feeling

A

acting as a mirror to the clients emotional state

32
Q

why do we use reflection of content

A

bring vaguely expressed feelings into clearer awareness
validates feelings
helps people experience rather than avoid emotions
releases emotional pressure
facilitates the clients movement toward greater self-awareness and self-understanding
allows the other to move to deeper levels of expression at their own pace
deepens therapeutic relationship

33
Q

what do you need to be mindful of when reflection of feeling

A

family and cultural backgrounds means feelings are expressed differently
our own experiences of emotions
timing
how we offer

34
Q

what is summarising

A

ties together several ideas and descriptions of feelings into one statement

35
Q

how does summarising compare to paraphrasing

A

broader and encompasses a longer period of conversation, than paraphrasing

36
Q

why do we summarise

A

Sorts out disconnected material into more manageable units
Could indicate a turning point, a moment of self evaluation, identification of a goal, a strategic pause.

37
Q

Things to be mindful of when summarising

A

Not always essential.
A re-run of what has been covered.
A tabulation of every issue that has been raised

38
Q

what is Clarifying

A

Checking with the speaker that what is being heard and understood is accurate

39
Q

why do we clarify

A

Helps develop shared understanding
Supports clients to identify values, beliefs, intentions, decisions

40
Q

Things to be mindful of when clarifying

A

Narrowing the clarification
Clarifying too early

41
Q

what do open ended questions encourage people to do

A

talk, provide you with maximum information and let the client head in the direction they want or need to take

42
Q

what do open ended questions relate to

A

Often relate to feelings, thoughts and understandings tend to open the conversation up.

43
Q

what are closed questions

A

Closed questions are questions that can be answered with a minimal response (often as little as “yes” or “no”).

44
Q

why are closed questions helpful

A

They can help the counsellor to focus the client or gain very specific information

45
Q

what are transitional questions

A

establishing connections, links; often to an earlier part of the discussion

46
Q

transitional question example

A

For example, earlier you mentioned ***, I’m wondering how you are feeling about that now?

47
Q

what are probing questions

A

meant to encourage clients to enlarge or expand on their initial response.

48
Q

example of probing questions

A

Can you say more about that? / And what happened then? Could you describe that?

49
Q

what are circular questions

A

perspective of the other

50
Q

example of circular questions

A

For example, how do you imagine your brother would feel about ***?

51
Q

what are leading questions

A

usually subtly, points the respondent’s answer in a certain direction.

52
Q

what are scaling questions

A

Scaling questions help direct the session/conversation toward what clients want and what is most important to them.

53
Q

types of scaling questions

A

introduction
current position
platform
earlier success
visualise
step forward

54
Q

what to be mindful of when scaling

A

Bombardment/grilling
Multiple questions
Closing Down Questions
Questions as statements
Why questions

55
Q

important characteristics of feedback

A

is invited rather than imposed
is specific
identifies the impact/effects
invites a joining/collaboration

56
Q

things to avoid when offering feedback

A

absolute statements that position the feedback giver as the expert
blame and judgement
evaluation

PYB208 counselling theory and practice 1 (10 decks)

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