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PYB208 counselling theory and practice 1 > existential and humanistic > Flashcards

existential and humanistic Flashcards

1
Q

what did victor frankl study

A

meaning

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2
Q

what did victor frankl discover

A

human nature is motivated by a search for lifes purpose
logotherapy
supplements therapy

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3
Q

what did rollo may study

A

anxiety and love

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4
Q

what did rollo may discover

A

love is intentionally willed by an individual, whereas sexual desire is the complete opposite

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5
Q

what did irvin yalom study

A

death
freedom
isolation
meaninglessness

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6
Q

what did irvin yalom discoer

A

existential therapy can be integrated in any form of psychotherapy

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7
Q

what does existentialism say about people

A

the significance of our existence is never fixed once and for all, we continually recreate ourselves
humans are in a constant state of transition, emerging, evolving and becoming
being human, discovering and making sense of our existence, continuously questioning ourselves, others and the world
continuously questions who am I who have I been whom can I become etc

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8
Q

what are the levels of existence for existential therapy

A

umwelt
mitwelt
eigenwelt
authenticity
lying

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9
Q

what is umwelt

A

ourselves in relation to the physical world around us

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10
Q

what is mitwelt

A

refers to individuals social and cultural world

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11
Q

what is eigenwelt

A

how we reflect on own self
being oneself

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12
Q

what does authenticity bring

A

brings openness to nature, to others and ourselves

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13
Q

what is the root of psychopathology from an existential perspective

A

lying to self, other or nature

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14
Q

what happens if we avoid existential anxiety

A

results in an imbalance in how we relate to the world

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15
Q

what is normal anxiety

A

healthy life force that is necessary for survival

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16
Q

what is neurotic anxiety

A

about concrete things out of proportion to the situation
typically comes out of awareness
can immobilise the person

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17
Q

what are the things that cause existential anxiety

A

meaninglessness
death
freedom
isolation

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18
Q

what is an existential vacuum

A

the absence of meaning

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19
Q

what does existential vacuum lead to

A

anxiety
despair
depression
confusion

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20
Q

what is the belief of death for 6-puberty

A

children merely observe and model parental attitude

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21
Q

what is the belief of death for teens

A

emerges with force
games
reckless behaviour
horror movies

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22
Q

what is the belief of death for mid-life crisis

A

death anxiety emerges once more

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23
Q

what happens when our need to escape death anxiety

A

behaviours may arise such as sexually acting out, unfaithfulness, self success sabotage, addictions, workaholic, heroic acts

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24
Q

why does freedom create anxiety

A

because it confronts us with both the responsibilities and uncertainties of the outcomes of our choices

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25
Q

what is the central focus of existential therapy

A

isolation

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26
Q

what is isolation

A

an unbridgeable gap between oneself and any other being

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27
Q

what is the solution to isolation

A

there is no solution

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28
Q

examples of unhealthy isolation

A

constant searching for love
existing only in the eyes of others
enduring unsatisfactory relationships
compulsive sexuality
ultimate rescuer
putting the needs of others first

29
Q

how does existential therapy support change

A

assisting clients in moving towards authenticity and learning to recognise when they are deceiving themselves
helping clients face anxiety and engage in action that is based on creating a worthy existence
helping clients reclaim their lives by teaching them to listen to themselves/what they already know
help clients become more present
assist clients in identifying personal blockers stopping them from reaching their full potential
encourage clients to choose more expanded ways of being in their daily lives

30
Q

therapeutic techniques for existential therapy

A

its not technique oriented

31
Q

if you want to apply techniques from another model for existential therapy how must you do it

A

applied in an integrated fashion

32
Q

what does existential therapy require

A

requires the counsellor to be authentic
recognise transference and address them
recognise resistance and address them

33
Q

what is an I-thou relationship

A

we relate to each other as authentic beings, without judgment, qualification, or objectification
(I meet you as you are, you meet me as who I am)

34
Q

what is an I-it relationship

A

we relate to another as object, completely outside of ourselves (eg. seeing them only as filling a purpose eg. barister, cashier, waiter)

35
Q

what type of relationship is key for existential therapy

A

I-thou

36
Q

when did humanism arose

A

late 1950s

37
Q

why did humanism arise

A

in response to the behaviourist and psychoanalytic schools of though

38
Q

what does humanism believe?

A

that humans are innately good

39
Q

what does humanism believe the strongest force of life is

A

morality, ethical values, and good intentions

40
Q

what therapeutic techniques does humanism pull from

A

Rogerian person-centred therapy

41
Q

what is the goal of humanism therapy

A

self-actualisation

42
Q

what does humanism therapy reject

A

the deterministic nature of both psychoanalysis and behaviourism

43
Q

what does humanism believe we behave as we do

A

we behave as we do because of the way we perceive our situation

44
Q

in regards to humanism, what is every individual considered as

A

potentially competent

45
Q

what are the characteristics of a fully functioning person in the eyes of humanism

A

is open to experience, is non-defensive
emphasizes fully living in the moment
trust in oneself
has the ability to freely make choices and takes responsibility for their own choices, highly self-directed
embraces a life of creativity and adaptation, including an abandonment of conformity
has the ability to behave reliably and make constructive choices

46
Q

what are the levels of Maslows hierarchy of needs (by bottom of the pyramid to the top)

A
  1. physiological
  2. safety
  3. love/belonging
  4. esteem
  5. self-actualisation
47
Q

what does the physiological level of maslows hierarchy of needs represent

A

breathing
food
water
sex
sleep
homeostasis
excretion

48
Q

what does the safety level of maslows hierarchy of needs represent

A

security of:
body
employment
resources
morality
the family
health
property

49
Q

what does love/belonging represent in maslows hierarchy of needs

A

friendship
family
sexual intimacy

50
Q

what does esteem represent in maslows hierarchy of needs

A

self-esteem
confidence
achievement
respect of others
respect by others

51
Q

what does self-actualisation represent in maslows hierarchy of needs

A

morality
creativity
spontaneity
problem solving
lack of prejudice
acceptance of facts

52
Q

what is required for the self to become who they truly are

A

involves an openness to experience
a trust in ones experience
an internal frame of reference and willingness to be in process

53
Q

rather than viewing the individual as controlled by a ‘mass of drives’ like his predecessors, rogers considered all strivings to be:

A

different facets of the one tendency

54
Q

what is an actualising tendency in all individuals

A

a survival instinct
this internal drive that leads people toward growth, development, and realisation of their fullest potential

55
Q

what is self concept

A

the organised, consistent set of perceptions and beliefs about oneself

56
Q

what is self concept central to

A

its a central component of our total experience

57
Q

what does our self concept influence

A

both our perception of the world and perception of oneself

58
Q

how does humanism believe problems arise

A

we develop a need for positive regard for oneself that we begin to regard ourselves in the way others view us. Some behaviours are regarded positively but don’t satisfy us. This can create conditions of worth and the more conditions the more problems

59
Q

what are conditions of worth

A

we can only see ourselves positively when we live within conditions seen positively by others

60
Q

characteristics of incongruent

A

the self-image is different to the ideal self
there is only a small overlap between self image and ideal self
self actualisation will be difficult to achieve

61
Q

characteristics of congruent

A

the self image is similar to the ideal self
there is more overlap between self image and ideal self
congruent individuals can self-actualise

62
Q

what is the purpose of Rogers humanistic therapy

A

is to increase a persons feelings of self-worth, reduce the level of incongruence between the ideal and actual self, and help a person become more a fully functioning person

63
Q

characteristics of humanistic therapy

A

genuineness
unconditional positive regard
respect
empathic understanding of the clients world
client feels understood and accepted

64
Q

what is empathy in a therapeutic setting

A

the counsellor is separate from the client, but experiences their sense of the clients world as if they were the client without being burdened by their own reactions

65
Q

what is unconditional positive regard

A

accepting the person completely in a non-judgemental way, as the person they are

66
Q

what does unconditional positive regard believe each person has

A

their own personal resources

67
Q

what is at the heart of unconditional positive regard

A

hope

68
Q

what is genuineness or congruence in therapeutic relationship

A

the therapist is deeply themselves, with their actual experience accurately represented by awareness of themselves. It is the opposite of presenting a facade either knowingly or unknowingly

69
Q

the therapeutic process of humanistic therapy

A

develop a safe and trusting therapeutic environment
develop good rapport
client defines and clarify their own goals
self-exploration and self-reflection
develop from external valuing to internal valuing
help to reduce the facade and increase authenticity
develop towards more harmony between ideal self and real self
develop healthy self esteem
move towards self-actualisation

PYB208 counselling theory and practice 1 (10 decks)

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