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PYB208 counselling theory and practice 1 > existential and humanistic > Flashcards

existential and humanistic Flashcards

1
Q

what did victor frankl study

A

meaning

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2
Q

what did victor frankl discover

A

human nature is motivated by a search for lifes purpose
logotherapy
supplements therapy

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3
Q

what did rollo may study

A

anxiety and love

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4
Q

what did rollo may discover

A

love is intentionally willed by an individual, whereas sexual desire is the complete opposite

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5
Q

what did irvin yalom study

A

death
freedom
isolation
meaninglessness

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6
Q

what did irvin yalom discoer

A

existential therapy can be integrated in any form of psychotherapy

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7
Q

what does existentialism say about people

A

the significance of our existence is never fixed once and for all, we continually recreate ourselves
humans are in a constant state of transition, emerging, evolving and becoming
being human, discovering and making sense of our existence, continuously questioning ourselves, others and the world
continuously questions who am I who have I been whom can I become etc

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8
Q

what are the levels of existence for existential therapy

A

umwelt
mitwelt
eigenwelt
authenticity
lying

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9
Q

what is umwelt

A

ourselves in relation to the physical world around us

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10
Q

what is mitwelt

A

refers to individuals social and cultural world

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11
Q

what is eigenwelt

A

how we reflect on own self
being oneself

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12
Q

what does authenticity bring

A

brings openness to nature, to others and ourselves

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13
Q

what is the root of psychopathology from an existential perspective

A

lying to self, other or nature

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14
Q

what happens if we avoid existential anxiety

A

results in an imbalance in how we relate to the world

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15
Q

what is normal anxiety

A

healthy life force that is necessary for survival

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16
Q

what is neurotic anxiety

A

about concrete things out of proportion to the situation
typically comes out of awareness
can immobilise the person

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17
Q

what are the things that cause existential anxiety

A

meaninglessness
death
freedom
isolation

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18
Q

what is an existential vacuum

A

the absence of meaning

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19
Q

what does existential vacuum lead to

A

anxiety
despair
depression
confusion

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20
Q

what is the belief of death for 6-puberty

A

children merely observe and model parental attitude

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21
Q

what is the belief of death for teens

A

emerges with force
games
reckless behaviour
horror movies

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22
Q

what is the belief of death for mid-life crisis

A

death anxiety emerges once more

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23
Q

what happens when our need to escape death anxiety

A

behaviours may arise such as sexually acting out, unfaithfulness, self success sabotage, addictions, workaholic, heroic acts

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24
Q

why does freedom create anxiety

A

because it confronts us with both the responsibilities and uncertainties of the outcomes of our choices

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25
what is the central focus of existential therapy
isolation
26
what is isolation
an unbridgeable gap between oneself and any other being
27
what is the solution to isolation
there is no solution
28
examples of unhealthy isolation
constant searching for love existing only in the eyes of others enduring unsatisfactory relationships compulsive sexuality ultimate rescuer putting the needs of others first
29
how does existential therapy support change
assisting clients in moving towards authenticity and learning to recognise when they are deceiving themselves helping clients face anxiety and engage in action that is based on creating a worthy existence helping clients reclaim their lives by teaching them to listen to themselves/what they already know help clients become more present assist clients in identifying personal blockers stopping them from reaching their full potential encourage clients to choose more expanded ways of being in their daily lives
30
therapeutic techniques for existential therapy
its not technique oriented
31
if you want to apply techniques from another model for existential therapy how must you do it
applied in an integrated fashion
32
what does existential therapy require
requires the counsellor to be authentic recognise transference and address them recognise resistance and address them
33
what is an I-thou relationship
we relate to each other as authentic beings, without judgment, qualification, or objectification (I meet you as you are, you meet me as who I am)
34
what is an I-it relationship
we relate to another as object, completely outside of ourselves (eg. seeing them only as filling a purpose eg. barister, cashier, waiter)
35
what type of relationship is key for existential therapy
I-thou
36
when did humanism arose
late 1950s
37
why did humanism arise
in response to the behaviourist and psychoanalytic schools of though
38
what does humanism believe?
that humans are innately good
39
what does humanism believe the strongest force of life is
morality, ethical values, and good intentions
40
what therapeutic techniques does humanism pull from
Rogerian person-centred therapy
41
what is the goal of humanism therapy
self-actualisation
42
what does humanism therapy reject
the deterministic nature of both psychoanalysis and behaviourism
43
what does humanism believe we behave as we do
we behave as we do because of the way we perceive our situation
44
in regards to humanism, what is every individual considered as
potentially competent
45
what are the characteristics of a fully functioning person in the eyes of humanism
is open to experience, is non-defensive emphasizes fully living in the moment trust in oneself has the ability to freely make choices and takes responsibility for their own choices, highly self-directed embraces a life of creativity and adaptation, including an abandonment of conformity has the ability to behave reliably and make constructive choices
46
what are the levels of Maslows hierarchy of needs (by bottom of the pyramid to the top)
1. physiological 2. safety 3. love/belonging 4. esteem 5. self-actualisation
47
what does the physiological level of maslows hierarchy of needs represent
breathing food water sex sleep homeostasis excretion
48
what does the safety level of maslows hierarchy of needs represent
security of: body employment resources morality the family health property
49
what does love/belonging represent in maslows hierarchy of needs
friendship family sexual intimacy
50
what does esteem represent in maslows hierarchy of needs
self-esteem confidence achievement respect of others respect by others
51
what does self-actualisation represent in maslows hierarchy of needs
morality creativity spontaneity problem solving lack of prejudice acceptance of facts
52
what is required for the self to become who they truly are
involves an openness to experience a trust in ones experience an internal frame of reference and willingness to be in process
53
rather than viewing the individual as controlled by a 'mass of drives' like his predecessors, rogers considered all strivings to be:
different facets of the one tendency
54
what is an actualising tendency in all individuals
a survival instinct this internal drive that leads people toward growth, development, and realisation of their fullest potential
55
what is self concept
the organised, consistent set of perceptions and beliefs about oneself
56
what is self concept central to
its a central component of our total experience
57
what does our self concept influence
both our perception of the world and perception of oneself
58
how does humanism believe problems arise
we develop a need for positive regard for oneself that we begin to regard ourselves in the way others view us. Some behaviours are regarded positively but don't satisfy us. This can create conditions of worth and the more conditions the more problems
59
what are conditions of worth
we can only see ourselves positively when we live within conditions seen positively by others
60
characteristics of incongruent
the self-image is different to the ideal self there is only a small overlap between self image and ideal self self actualisation will be difficult to achieve
61
characteristics of congruent
the self image is similar to the ideal self there is more overlap between self image and ideal self congruent individuals can self-actualise
62
what is the purpose of Rogers humanistic therapy
is to increase a persons feelings of self-worth, reduce the level of incongruence between the ideal and actual self, and help a person become more a fully functioning person
63
characteristics of humanistic therapy
genuineness unconditional positive regard respect empathic understanding of the clients world client feels understood and accepted
64
what is empathy in a therapeutic setting
the counsellor is separate from the client, but experiences their sense of the clients world as if they were the client without being burdened by their own reactions
65
what is unconditional positive regard
accepting the person completely in a non-judgemental way, as the person they are
66
what does unconditional positive regard believe each person has
their own personal resources
67
what is at the heart of unconditional positive regard
hope
68
what is genuineness or congruence in therapeutic relationship
the therapist is deeply themselves, with their actual experience accurately represented by awareness of themselves. It is the opposite of presenting a facade either knowingly or unknowingly
69
the therapeutic process of humanistic therapy
develop a safe and trusting therapeutic environment develop good rapport client defines and clarify their own goals self-exploration and self-reflection develop from external valuing to internal valuing help to reduce the facade and increase authenticity develop towards more harmony between ideal self and real self develop healthy self esteem move towards self-actualisation

PYB208 counselling theory and practice 1 (10 decks)

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